29 



Herms (W. B). Malaria Drainage Operations at the Port of 

 Embarcation, Newport News, Virginia. — Milif. Surgeon, Washing- 

 ton, D.C., xlvii, no. 1, July 1920, pp. 81-93, 1 fig. (Abstract in 

 Sanit. Supplements, Trop. Dis. Bull, London, no. 1, 30th March 

 1921, pp. 2-3.) 



The drainage and oiUng of several swamps surrounding the camps 

 near Newport, Virginia, are described. The Anophelines occurring in 

 this vicinity, in order of abundance, are Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 

 A. crucians and A. punctipennis. A. quadrimaculatus occurred in the 

 so-called typical Anopheline breeding-places, such as wayside pools, 

 neglected ditches and the borders of impounded water ; A. crucians 

 in the neighbourhood of slightly brackish water ; and A . punctipennis 

 in wooded areas. The last two were the first to appear and persisted 

 in some numbers during the entire summer; A. quadrimaculatus 

 appeared somewhat later and rapidly became the predominant species. 



Fricks (L. D.). Emergency Measure and Foresight in Malaria Control. 



— Milit. Surgeon, Washington, D.C., xlvii, no. 2, August 1920, 

 pp. 224-229. (Abstract in Sanit. Supplements, Trop. Dis. Bull, 

 London, no. 1, 30th March 1921, p. 2.) 



The necessity for an organisation capable of promptly applying 

 anti-mosquito operations in malarious districts is discussed in the light 

 of experience gained in connection with the location of military camps 

 in malarious regions. The measures described are those usually em- 

 ployed. An endeavour to kill all engorged mosquitos in houses is 

 advocated as a sound preventive measure. 



Howard (H. H.). Malaria Control in Rural Communities by Anti- 

 mosqiuito Measures. — Southern Med. Jl., Birminghani, Ala., xiii, 

 no. 4, April 1920, pp. 260-266. 

 An area of thirty-six square miles in Hinds County, Mississippi, with 

 a population of 830, was used for an experiment with top minnows, 

 Gamhusia affinis. Various collections of water, 228 in number, of 

 which 61 did not at any time breed Anophelines, were kept under 

 observation. G. affinis was placed in those waters that did not already 

 contain this fish. As a result, 90 per cent, of the potential breeding- 

 places were controlled by it. Where larvae still occurred, their presence 

 was attributed either to an insufficient number of fish or to the presence 

 of too much vegetation or debris. Anopheles punctipennis was the 

 most numerous Anopheline in the district, and the only domestic one. 

 A. quadrimaculatus was found in the larger ponds and natural streams. 

 The cost amounted to about 16s. per head of the population. After 

 the experiment, the incidence of malaria decreased from 16 per cent. 

 to about 4 per cent. 



Taylor (H. A.). Malaria Control through the Application of Anti- 

 mosquito Measures and some of the Results obtained in South- 

 east Arkansas. — Southern Med. Jl., Birminghani, Ala., xiii, no. 5, 

 May 1920, pp. 339-343. 

 The drainage and oiUng measures adopted covered an area of twelve 

 square miles with a population of 9,980. The operations began on 

 1st April 1918, and by the end of May mosquitos were almost entirely 

 absent. The malaria rate was reduced about 73 per cent, at a cost of 

 about 3s. 6d. per head. 



