34 



probabl}' feed on the detritus that they find in the branchial chamber 

 of crabs, but they may also feed on the blood or mucus from the gills 

 of the host. They are thought to live in salt or brackish water, their 

 occurrence in the crab being probably purely accidental. 



Edwards (F. W.). H. Sauter's Formosan Collections : Culicidae. — 



Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., London, viii, no. 48, December 1921, 

 pp. 629-632. 



This list of mosquitos collected in Formosa includes two new species : 

 Megarkinus manicatus and M. aurifliius. The latter was apparently 

 recorded by Theobald in 1901 as M. splendens, Wied. Examination 

 of the type male of M. splendens, Wied., proves it to be identical with 

 M. regiiis, Tennent. 



Sella (M). Anopheles claviger : Observations on its Distribution in 

 Relation to Domestic Animals, and its Movements during Hiber- 

 nation. — Internal. Jl. Public Health, Geneva, ii, no. 6, November- 

 December 1921, pp. 605-616, 1 table, 4 figs. 



The observations here described were made in the course of an 

 anti-malaria campaign in a village in the Province of Caceres, Spain. 

 Owing to the mild climate the hibernation of Anopheles maculipennis 

 {claviger) is only partial, but the hibernating individuals have only 

 a small range of flight and are seldom found at any great distance 

 from the point selected for passing the winter. Freshly emerged adults 

 do not appear between the end of November and the end of March, 

 and although larvae may occasionally be found as late as January, 

 they generally die without completing their development. 



Oviposition is resumed after the middle of February. The first 

 generation hatches early in April, causing a rapid increase of mos- 

 quitos during the second half of that month. These mosquitos were 

 completely held up by the outlying stables of the village, and practically 

 none reached the houses. In June, however, they became very 

 numerous in houses, and this increase did not entirely coincide 

 with the removal of the animals. The invasion of houses by Anophe- 

 lines is not only influenced by the number of domestic animals in the 

 neighbourhood, but also by the season and the resulting changes in 

 the atmosphere of houses and stables. Mosquitos probably avoid 

 human dwellings because of the low temperature of the unheated 

 rooms and the dryness of those artifically heated. The conditions 

 that make them prefer stables to houses in the winter, persist through- 

 out an appreciable part of the spring, until about the time the second 

 generation of adults is produced. 



This, coupled with the fact that Anopheles maculipennis does not 

 usually bite during winter and spring in the open air, would explain 

 the delay in the appearance of new infections after the mosquitos 

 appear. The rarity of infections in the spring is thus due to the 

 interruption of the relations of the mosquitos with man rather than to 

 the inhibited development of parasites as a result of low temperatures. 

 When no winter campaign against Anophelines is undertaken, it may 

 be worth while to omit the oiling directed against the first larvae, and 

 not begin operations till the end of April. Before this can be decided, 

 however, the life of the adults of this generation will have to be 

 determined, to ascertain whether the}^ rnay live long enough to 

 contribute later to infections. 



