39 



these two species are not repelled by a high salt-content. A. kochi, 

 A. punctulatus, A. fuliginosus, A. karwari, A. albotaeniatus, and 

 A. indefinitus were the other species found. 



The distribution of benign tertian malaria was independent of the 

 breeding-centre of A. ludlowi, while that of malignant tertian coincided 

 with it. Cases of quartan malaria were rare. 



Large numbers of Anoj^helines were captured in houses at the 

 beginning of the epidemic, but only a few by the end of December. 

 Many were taken, however, at this time beneath houses and on cattle. 

 A. ludlowi predominated at first indoors, but later it disappeared 

 entirely from indoors. A. karwari was found, even indoors, in this 

 fiat, coastal district at least twelve miles distant from the hills. 



Of 66 dissections of A . hidJowi, 4 (6 per cent.) had cysts in the stomach 

 wall ; the other 5Q1 dissections, chiefly of A . hyrcanus, were all 

 negative. This percentage of naturally infected A. ludloici is small 

 compared with the number of infectious gamete carriers, it having 

 been calculated that 23 per cent, of the population had sufficient 

 crescents to infect mosquitos. 



An infection of 6 per cent, of A . ludlowi at the beginning of the 

 epidemic would have been inadequate to develop the latter to its 

 enormous extent. It is, therefore, supposed that at that time the 

 individuals of A. ludlowi were longer lived, so that the percentage of 

 infected ones rapidly increased with the percentage of gamete carriers. 

 Later on, owing to changed conditions (fewer ^4. ludlowi, more enemies, 

 and therefore shorter life), the infection index decreased although the 

 number of gamete carriers remained considerable. The epidemic thus 

 continues until quinine treatment or spontaneous recoveries reduce 

 the number of gamete carriers and the chances of infection of the 

 remaining mosquitos become negligible. The low infection index found 

 need not therefore prevent A . luxilowi from bemg the exclusive cause 

 of the severe epidemic. The large increase of A. ludlowi assumed to 

 have occurred at the beginning of the epidemic agrees with statements 

 to this effect bv the inhabitants. 



Sergent (Ed. & Et.), Parrot (L.), Donatien (A.) & Beguet (M.). 

 Transmission du Clou de Biskra par le Phlebotome [Phlebotomus 

 papafasi Scop.). — C.K. Hebdom. Acad. Sci., Paris, clxxiii, no. 21 

 21st November 1921, pp. 1030-1032. 



Examples of Phlebotomus papatasii, Scop., captured at Biskra were 

 transferred to Algiers for experiments in connection with the trans- 

 mission of oriental sore. In all, 2,346 individuals were thus transported, 

 including 2,282 P. papatasii, 8 P. perniciosus and 56 P. mimitiis var.' 

 africanns. Only 559 were, however, fit for experimiental work, and as 

 they refused to bite, an extract of their bodies was made and applied 

 to a scarified portion of the fore arm. After three months' incubation 

 the typical lesion containing Leishmania tropica appeared at the site 

 of inoculation. 



This shows that P. papatasii originating in an endemic focus of 

 oriental sore harbours a virus that, from whatever source it may be 

 obtained, produces cutaneous leishmaniases in man, the clinical and 

 parasitological aspects of which resemble oriental sore. 



