72 



Fry (A. B.). The Role of Cattle in the Epidemiology o£ Malaria. — 



Ind. Med. Gaz., Calctdta, Ivii, no. 1, January 1922, pp. 1-2. 



The conclusions of other authors with regard to the role played by 

 cattle in the prevention of malaria are briefly reviewed, and coincide 

 with the author's views, expressed in 1914, regarding the extremely 

 low percentage of malaria infection among the population of Bengal, 

 where the sleeping apartments in houses are clean and well kept, 

 while the cowsheds near may be swarming with Anophelines. In 

 Ross's mathematical formula of the epidemiology of malaria, the chief 

 factor is the proportion of mosquitos that succeed in biting human 

 beings, and this factor must certainly be influenced by the presence 

 of cattle. It has been pointed out that close association with cattle 

 does not always prevent a human epidemic of malaria ; in the Punjab 

 epidemic of 1908 the cattle zone of Amritsar city was one of the worst 

 epidemic areas. It is quite understandable, however, that the presence 

 of cattle may act as a twofold weapon, and attract mosquitos even 

 while it protects human beings that are outside the actual cattle zone. 

 Many of the villages in the endemic areas of Bengal are built on high 

 ground surrounded by swamps ; it is suggested that if the cowsheds 

 were arranged in a ring on the outskirts of the village, with dweUing- 

 houses in the centre, instead of indiscriminately, as is the usual plan, 

 the population would be far less troubled by mosquitos than they are 

 at present. 



Ad IE (H. A). Kala-azar Inquiry of the Indian Research Fund 

 Association. — hid. Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, ix, no. 3, January 

 1922, p. V. 



The finding of Leishman-Donovan bodies in the salivary glands and 

 ducts of Ciniex rotundatus taken on the bed of a suspected kala-azar 

 case in the infected area is announced from Assam. This discovery 

 proves that this bed-bug is able to transmit the disease by biting. 



Christophers (S. R.) & Cragg (F. W.). On the so-called " Penis " 

 of the Bed-Bug {Chnex lecttdarius, L.) and on the Homologies 

 generally of the Male and Female GenitaUa of the Insect. — Ind. 

 J I. Med. Kes., Calcutta, ix, no. 3, Januaiy 1922, pp. 445-463, 

 3 plates. 



The contents of this paper are indicated by its title. 



Patton (W. S.). Some Reflections on the Kala-azar and Oriental 



Sore Problems. — Ind. Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, ix, no. 3, 

 January 1922, pp. 496-532, 6 plates. 



As the literature on kala-azar is so extensive and is written in so many 

 languages, the student has to depend on current reviews for information 

 of what other workers are doing. There is an urgent need for a critical 

 summary of all the work which has been done on the etiology of this 

 disease and of oriental sore in different parts of the world. The 

 author hopes to publish such a summary in due course. 



This paper is not intended, therefore, to be a review, but only some 

 thoughts and reflections on the subject, with which he has been 

 chiefly concerned during the last few years. 



