107 



if hibernation does not occur. It may, perhaps, spread rapidly from 

 the places where it does breed all the year round. If there is no 

 hibernation, the broods are best dealt with in the cold season, when 

 breeding-places are few and scattered. The question is a crucial one, 

 in the author's opinion, and if there is a difficulty in solving it the 

 services of an expert entomologist are advisable. 



Kudo (R.). Studies on Microsporidia, with Special Reference to those 

 Parasitic in Mosquitoes.—//. Morphology, Philadelphia, Pa., 

 XXXV, no. 1, March 1921, pp. 153-182, 5 plates. 



New Microsporidia infecting mosquitos and obtained near Urbana, 

 Illinois, are described. Thelohania magna infects the adipose tissue 

 of the larva of Ctilex pipiens. It is rare and found only in a limited 

 area. Heavy infections appear to be fatal. T. illinoisensis, which is 

 rarer, infects the adipose tissue of the larva oi Anopheles pundipennis. 

 The possibility of using such parasites as a means of destroying 

 mosquito larvae is suggested. 



McCoRNACK (P. D.). Paralysis in Children due to the Bite oJ Wood- 

 ticks. — //. Amer. Med. Assoc, Chicago, III., Ixxvh, no. 4 

 23rd July 1921, pp. 260-263. 



Bites of wood-ticks, Dermacentor venustus. Banks, can cause a motor 

 paralysis of the flaccid type in human beings, children being the most 

 commonly affected. Death may occur, usually owing to respiratory 

 paralysis. 



Nagayo (M.), Miyagawa (Y.), Mitamura _(T.), Tamiya (T.) & Tenjin 

 (S.). Five Species of Tsutsugamushi (the Carrier of Japanese 

 River Fever) and their Relation to the Tsutsugamushi Disease.— 



Amer. Jl. Hyg., Baltimore, Md., i, no. 5-6, September-November 

 1921, pp. 569-^591, 8 plates. 



There are at least five species of mites defined as tsutsugamushi. 

 These are here discussed in detail and the points of distinction between 

 them described. They are Trombimla akamushi, Brumpt, T. pallida, 

 Nagayo, T. palpalis. Nag., T. intermedia. Nag., and T. scutellaris. 

 Nag. For the present the generic name Tromhicida is adopted instead 

 of Lepiotrombidium proposed in a previous paper. Whether the latter 

 is to be regarded as a synonym of the former or is to be treated as 

 a subgenus depends on further investigation. Practically only one 

 species, T. akamushi, is of importance in the occurrence of human 

 tsutsugamushi disease, which occurs only in the season in which the 

 development of the larvae of T. akamushi takes place. The geo- 

 graphical distribution of the disease also corresponds to that of 

 T. akamushi, not to that of the other species. So-called endemic 

 districts may be recognised by detecting the presence of T. akamushi, 

 and this demarcation of dangerous localities is of value both in carrying 

 out preventive measures and also from a financial point of view in 

 agriculture. 



