115 



{Tyochalopteron canorum) is already established on the islands, the 

 other birds suggested for introduction being Rhipidura tricolor, occur- 

 ring from Australia through the Malay islands to the mainland of 

 Asia, and a meadow lark {SturncUa neglecta) from California. 



Falleroni (D.). La Malaria di Trinitapoli. [Malaria at Trinitapoli.] 

 — L'Igiene Moderna, July-September 1921, 3 plates. (Abstract 

 in Ann. d' Igiene, Rome, xxxi, no. 12, December 1921, pp. 794-795.) 

 [Received 18th March 1922.] 



The rival claims of Fermi and Rizzi [R.A.E., B, vii, 6 ; viii, 192] 

 in the matter of freeing the town of Trinitapoli from malaria are 

 rejected, it being stated that the local authorities had already sup- 

 pressed most of the breeding-places. Reclamation work, followed 

 by the development of agriculture, with a consequent increase in 

 the protection afforded by domestic animals, represents, in the author's 

 opinion, the method to be pursued. The first observations on the 

 protective role of domestic animals were, it is claimed, made by 

 Buonservizi. Instead of attempting the capture of adult mosquitos, 

 the use of insecticides against them is advised. The reduction of 

 breeding-places on a small scale, i.e., by covering cisterns, wells, etc., 

 is considered preferable to oiling. 



ScHWARZ (L.). Mossul. [Mosul.] — Arch. Schiffs- u. Trop.-Hyg., Leip- 

 sic, xxvi, no. 2, March 1922, pp. 38-43. 



The sanitary conditions in Mosul in 1916-18 are described. There 

 is a plague of flies in spring and autumn ; in summer their numbers 

 decrease, as the great heat restricts breeding-places, and in winter the 

 low temperature prevents reproduction. Clothes lice [Pediculus] are 

 the most important insect carriers of disease ; they are particularly 

 plentiful in early autumn, and do not disappear entirely in summer. 

 Head lice are also common, but Phthirus pubis is almost absent. 

 Both Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. occur. A species of Stegomyia 

 is troublesome by day. Sandflies (Phlebotomus) are very troublesome. 

 Fleas are numerous, but are unimportant as carriers of disease, as 

 plague does not occur. Bed-bugs are rare. 



McAtee (W. L.). Prosimulium fidvimi, Coqiiillett, a biting Species 

 (Dip., Simuliidae). — Ent. News, PhihuieWiia, Pa., xxxiii, no. 3, 

 March 1922, p. 79. 



Prosimrdium fidvum, Coq., ranges from Alaska to British Columbia, 

 Montana and Colorado. It is stated by Twitchell to bite horses about 

 the ears and sometimes around the eyes, and on one occasion to have 

 attacked man. 



McAtee (W. I.). Bird Lice (Mallophaga) attaching themselves to 

 Bird Flies (Dip., Hippoboscidae). — Ent. News, Philadelbhia, Pa., 

 xxxiii, no. 3, March 1922, p. 90. 



Degeeriella rotundata, Osb., is recorded as attaching itself by the 

 mandibles to the upper surface of the abdomen of the Hippoboscid, 

 Ornithomyia avicularia, L. In one case the Hippoboscid was taken 

 from a western crow {Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperiis) in Ontario. 



Similar records are reviewed. 



