138 



of insects. The females will oviposit in sores, being apparently 

 attracted by the odour from the discharge. 



Both eggs and larvae probably gain entrance to the human 

 alimentary tract in food, particularly stale meat. Monkeys were 

 fed on the eggs and larvae on pieces of banana, but owing to the 

 difficulty in detecting the larvae in the food, faeces, etc., the author 

 was unable to discover whether the fly can complete its life-cycle 

 in the alimentary tract of these animals. It may be bred indefinitely 

 in tubes, the technique employed being described. The larvae are 

 very hardy and can resist long immersion in various fluids, including 

 alcohol. 



The various stages of this fly, as well as of yl. rufipes, Meig., are 

 described and illustrated. 



Gill (C. A.). Relapsing Fever in the Punjab. (A Preliminary Report.) 



— Ind. Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, ix, no. 4, April 1922, pp. 747-780, 

 3 charts, 4 maps. 



The present report is concerned with the study of conditions 

 prevailing during 1920 in the Punjab, which discloses the fact that a 

 severe and widespread epidemic of relapsing fever occurred during 

 that period, causing a mortahty of over 26,000 and a morbidity of 

 probably ten times that figure. The nature of the circumstances 

 thought to be responsible for the cyclical recurrence and seasonal 

 periodicity of the disease will be considered in a future paper. It 

 is evident that relapsing fever must now be regarded as endemic in 

 the Punjab and that at more or less regular intervals it is apt to assume 

 epidemic proportions. 



The precise role of the carrier and the mode of the spread of the 

 disease are dealt with by F. W. Cragg [R.A.E., B, x, 142] . 



Gupta (B. M. D.). A Note on some Cultural Phases oS Lcishmania 

 donovani. — Ind. Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, ix, no. 4, April 1922, 

 pp. 809-813, 1 plate. 



The results of experiments carried out on a monkey {Macactts 

 rhesus), which had previously been infected with kala-azar by an intra- 

 peritoneal injection of 10 cc. of an emulsion made from a heavily 

 infected spleen macerated in sterile normal saline, have again raised 

 the important question as to whether unrecognised forms of Leishmania 

 donovani may not exist in the tissues of its vertebrate host ; the 

 aflagellate and granule stages seem to be merely degenerative forms. 

 Although every attempt to obtain a positive diagnosis by examination 

 of the films had been negative, N.N.N, cultures gave a rich yield of 

 Leishman-Donovan flagellates on three occasions. Encystment of the 

 parasite occurs in the mid-gut of an infected Cimex rotmidatus, and 

 also in N.N.N, cultures. Whether such encystment, however, is 

 part of the true extra-human cycle, or whether it is a protective reaction 

 on the part of the parasite to unfavourable environment, is open to 

 question. 



HuGuiER (— ). Traitement de I'Hypodermose cliez le Cheval et le 



BoeuL— Vie Agric. ct Rur., Paris, xx, no. 17, 29th April 1922, 

 p. 291. 



The depreciation in the value of hides in France due to Hypoderma 

 is estimated at about /I a head, and amounts to a very large sum 



