159 



CuRASsoN (G.)- Les Inseetes Piqueurs peuvent-ils transmettre la 

 Peste bovine. — Rev. Gen. Med. Vet., xxxi, no. 362, 15th February 

 1922, pp. 57-60. (Abstract in Trop. Vet. Bull., London, x, no. 2, 

 31st May 1922, pp. 49-50.) 



Ixodes ricinics and a species of Tabanus were used in experiments 

 made in Poland to ascertain whether blood-sucking parasites transmit 

 rinderpest. 



An engorged tick was removed on the second day of fever and ground 

 up in salt solution. The liquid injected into a healthy animal produced 

 a normal attack of the disease, but that obtained from an engorged 

 tick ground up an hour after removal failed to infect healthy animals 

 in three instances. 



It would appear that a tick cannot carry the virus over to the next 

 stage, but a tick that had dropped off a diseased animal before it is 

 completely engorged might carry the infection to another one close 

 at hand. The saliva of the tick was found not to be immediately 

 fatal to the virus. 



Negative results attended all experiments with Tabanids. 



As conditions with regard to isolation during the experiments 

 were not above suspicion, no great importance is attached to the 

 positive results obtained. 



Gabrielides (A.) & GuiART (J.). La Myose oculaire a "Oestrus ovis " 

 a Constantinople. — Bull. Acad. Med., Paris, Ixxxvii, no. 9, 

 28th February 1922, pp. 253-255. 



A case is quoted in which 14 first-instar larvae of Oestrus ovis were 

 extracted from the eye of a shepherd. 



DE Beaurepaire Aragao (H.). Transmissao da Leishmaniose no 



Brazil pelo Phlehotomus intermedius. [The Transmission of 

 Leishmaniasis in Brazil by P. intermedius.'] — Brazil-Medico, 

 Rio de Janeiro, xxxvi (vol. 1), no. 11, 18th March 1922, 

 pp. 129-130, 1 fig. 



In 1921 a centre of leishmaniasis developed in Rio de Janeiro in a 

 damp and wooded locality, where Phlebotomus intermedius, Lutz & 

 Neiva, occurs in large numbers. Other insects present were Aedes 

 {Cidex) confirmatus, A. taeniorhynchus and other mosquitos ; a Simuliid, 

 Simidium pertinax; and a Tabanid, Erephopsis flavicornis. No ticks 

 were noticed. 



In experiments on the transmission of leishmaniasis by P. intermedins, 

 flagellates resembling culture forms of Leishmania were found in this 

 midge. On 28th October 1921 a dog was inoculated with the emulsion 

 from five individuals fed upon a case three days previously. A small 

 nodule developed in which scanty but typical Leishmania were found 

 on 10th February. 



Hylkema (B.). De Rattenvlootheorie en de Pest in Europa. [The 

 Rat-fiea Theory and Plague in Europe.] — Nederl. Tijdschr. v. 

 Geneesk., Ixvi, pt. 1, no. 4, 1922, pp. 375-392. (Abstract in Trop. 

 Dis. Bull., London, xix, no. 5, June 1922, pp. 373-374.) 



The author considers that, under European conditions, the human 

 flea [Pulex irritans] probably plays an important part in spreading 

 plague, and that the connection between rat plague and human 

 plague is not by any means an immediate one. 



