163 



A satisfactory medium for the culture of the flagellated forms 

 obtained was made of the filtered juices of the larvae of Ephestia 

 kuhniella combined with horse serum, the process being described. 



Knight (H. H). Observations on the Poisonous Nature of the White- 

 marked Tussock-moth {Henicrocampa leucostigma Smith & Abbot). 



— //. Parasit., Urbana, viii, no. 3, March 1922, pp. 133-135. 

 [Received 7th June 1922.] 



Some recent experiences indicating the poisonous nature of the larvae 

 of Hemerocampa leucostigma, S. & A., are described, and previous 

 records are reviewed. The irritation is caused by the poisoiious 

 hairs located in the prominent tufts on the dorsal surface of the cater- 

 pillar, which apparently become hooked in the pores of the skin, from 

 which they are very difficult to remove. The cocoons are also inter- 

 woven with these hairs. Purslane {Portulaca oleracea) has proved an 

 efficient palliative, the leaves being mashed into a mucilaginous pulp 

 and apphed to the areas of skin affected. 



Glaser (R. W.). a Study of Trypanosoma amcricanum. — JL Parasit. y 

 Urbana, viii, no. 3, March f922, pp. 136-144, 4 plates. [Received 

 7th June 1922.] 



Trypanosoma aniericanum is specific to cattle. Prolonged culture 

 and environmental alterations have a tendency to produce herpeto- 

 monad types but never tr5^panosome types. The view is supported 

 that it is an intermediate evolutionary stage between a true Crithidia 

 and a true trypanosome. Stomoxys calcitrans, Lyperosia irritans 

 [Haeniatobia serrata) and Musca domestica have been studied as likely 

 transmitting agents ; though the results were negative, they should 

 not be considered as conclusive. From experiments made to determine 

 the length of time T. amcricanum could survive in these flies, it is 

 evident that Stomoxys and Lyperosia might act as transmitters though 

 the transfer from host to host must occur within 48 hours. The 

 natural mode of transmission still remains problematical. 



Carpenter (G. H.), Phibbs (G.) & Slattery (T.). The Warble Flies. 

 Sixth Report on Experiments and Observations as to Life History 

 and Treatment. — //. Dept. Agric. & Tech. Insfr. for Ireland, 

 Dublin, xxii, no. 1, May 1922, pp. 14-25. 



This report is largely supplementary to the fourth of the series 

 [R.A.E., B, iii, 22-24]. Further experiments have confirmed the 

 suggestion that animals under natural conditions, by licking their 

 skin, dislodge and destroy the eggs of warble-flies rather than facilitate 

 the entrance of the parasites into their bodies. Muzzling experiments 

 have deepened the conviction that the parasite does not enter by the 

 host's mouth. Incubated larvae placed on the skin of animals bored 

 under the hide, but no inWy developed warbles were recovered. Adults 

 of Hypoderma bovis were then allowed to oviposit on selected areas of 

 calves' bodies. One fly was seen to strike a calf 187 times, and 

 presumably an egg was laid each time. The animals were kept muzzled 

 for a week afterwards, so that there was no possibility of their licking 

 off the eggs or young maggots, which evidenth' bored through the skin 

 of the leg at or below the hock. The maggots so hatched attained their 

 final stage by the succeeding spring. These experiments gave clear proof 

 of the extensive migration of the larvae in hosts under observation 



