176 



No haematozoa were found in the blood of horses either during 

 the various stages of the illness or after death, and inoculations into 

 laboratory animals remained negative. 



SiGALAS (R.) & PiROT (R.). Pr6sence de Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae 

 chez les Rats de Bordeaux. — C.R. Soc. Biol., Paris, Ixxxvii, no. 22, 

 17th June 1922, pp. 195-197. 



Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae has been isolated from rats at 

 Bordeaux, a detailed account being given of the observations, 



Strauss (P.). Comment detruire les Mouches. — Vie Agric. et Riir., 

 Paris, XX, no. 25, 24th June 1922, pp. 432-433, 10 figs. 



General methods for the destruction of such flies as Musca domestica, 

 Lucilia caesar, CaUiphora vomitoria, and Stomoxys calcitrans, are 

 described. Measures against the eggs and larvae include thorough 

 cleanliness in stables and all animal shelters, and the spreading of 

 manure into a thin layer so that poultry can pick out the larvae. 

 For killing the adult flies fumigation with cresyl or sulphur, solutions 

 of formol in open receptacles, traps and sticky papers, and pyrethrum 

 powder as a dust or as a fumigant, the stupified flies being afterwards 

 swept up and burnt, are recommended. To deter flies from entering 

 dwellings the windows should be painted blue, and windows and 

 doors should be kept closed unless they are screened. Every care 

 should be taken to protect food from flies, not only in dwelhngs but 

 also during transport and in shops. 



Florence (L.). The Hog Louse, Haematopinus suis Linne : its 

 Biology, Anatomy, and Histology. — Cornell Univ. Agric. Expt. 

 Sta., Ithaca, N.Y., Memoir 51, December 1921, pp. 635-743, 

 9 plates. [Received 30th June 1922.] 



Haematopinus suis, L. (hog louse) is common everywhere on pigs. 

 The lice infest the folds of skin on the neck and jowl, the inside and base 

 of the ears, the inside of the legs and the flanks, and occur in smaller 

 numbers on the back. From the time of hatching they feed readily 

 on man, but attempts to feed them on guinea-pigs were not successful. 

 The method of feeding is described. The number of meals required 

 in the 24 hours varies according to the rate of digestion which is 

 influenced by the temperature. The eggs are laid one at a time on 

 • the bristles and are attached to them by a clear cement. In captivity 

 they are laid on bristles or threads of gauze, the number depending 

 on the opportunity to feed. During a period of 16 days, 18 eggs were 

 laid. Incubation varies according to temperature from 12-20 days, 

 with a minimum of about 13-14 days when the eggs are kept constantly 

 at body temperature. In the course of development the lice undergo 

 three moults, the cycle from egg to egg occupying 29-33 days. 



No protozoan parasites were found in any part of the alimentary 

 canal. 



KoNsuLOFF (S.). Uber die Doppelatmung der Miiekenlarven. [On the 



Double Breathing of Mosquito Larvae.] — Biol. Zentralbl., Berlin, 

 xlii, no. 4, April 1922, pp. 188-192, 3 figs. 



The experiments here described show that mosquito larvae are able 

 to breathe by means of their anal appendages. The function of these 

 as respiratory organs is, however, very limited, and only sufficient 



