206 



NowLiN (N.). Correlation of the Life-cycle of a Parasite with the 

 Metamorphosis of its Host. — J I. Parasit. Urbana, III., viii, no. 4. 

 June 1922, pp. 153-160, 6 plates. 



Schneideria metamorphosa, sp.n., has been found in Kansas in the fly 

 Sciata coprophila. 



This is the fourth species in this rare genus, and the onl}^ 

 one found out of France. The points of difference between this 

 Gregarine and the other species are recorded. The fly commonly 

 occurs on house plants and is found under leaves and in moist earth 

 at the base of trees. The breeding season begins in March and con- 

 tinues at a slow rate all the summer, the maximum being reached in 

 April and early May. The eggs hatch in a week ; the larval stage 

 lasts 11-12 days and the pupal 6 days. The periods vary slightly 

 with different food conditions and temperature. The host has a 

 complete metamorphosis, and the life-cycle of the Gregarine has 

 a remarkable correlation with it. The trophozoite is confined to the 

 larval stage, the conjugating Gregarine to the pupal, and the spore- 

 forming and sporozoite development to the adult. So far as the 

 author knows, such a correlation has not been described for any other 

 parasite. The various stages are described, together with the classi- 

 fication and affinities of the genus Schneideria. The author suspects 

 that this adaptation of the life-cycle to fit that of the host is frequent 

 in the Gregarine group and may explain the incompleteness of so many 

 life-histories. 



KoBAYASHi (H.). Further Notes of the Overwintering of House Flies. 



—Japan Med. World, Tokyo, ii, no. 7, 15th July 1922, pp. 193-196, 

 2 tables. 



Further observations and experiments on the hibernation of house-flies 

 in Korea are given [R.A.E., B, ix, 180]. The following conclusions are 

 arrived at : Musca domestica hibernates in the adult stage, both males 

 and females surviving ; Muscina stabulans and Mesembrina sp. over- 

 winter in the adult stage, especially the females ; Fannia canicularis 

 and F. scalaris appear to hibernate in both adult and pupal stages ; 

 Luciliasp. and Sarcophaga sp. hibernate exclusively in the pupal stage ; 

 Calliphora lata hibernates in the adult stage, and breeding may continue 

 in winter ; Ophyra nigra hibernates in the pupal and larval stages ; 

 Stomoxys calcitrans hibernates in the pupal stage ; and Scatophaga 

 stercoraria and several species of Anthomyiids hibernate in the adult 

 ■ stage. 



From over 10,000 puparia collected in February and March, the 

 majority of flies that emerged were C. lata, L. caesar and Sarcophaga 

 carnaria ; no individuals of Musca domestica or Muscina stabulans 

 made their appearance, showing that hibernation in the pupal stage 

 is very rare in these species. 



Lamborn (W. a.). The Bionomics of some Malayan Anophelines.^ 



Bull. Ent. Res., London, xiii, pt. 2, August 1922, pp. 129-149, 

 Ifig. 



In the course of a long series of breeding experiments in the 

 Federated Malay States, made with a view to studying in specially 

 bred families the validity of certain species of Anopheles, numerous 

 data were obtained on the bionomics of many mosquitos. Variations 

 in form, colouring, etc., may have considerable practical importance, 

 for varying forms may be found to constitute distinct species, the one 



