213 



The map shows that the zones that produce the great herds of animals 

 raised for export only occupy one-fifth of the area of the country, 

 and are entirely outside the tsetse-fly zones. Moreover, movement 

 of animals is necessary owing to insufficiency of pasture. Within the 

 Glossina belts domestic animals exist, but the importance of the 

 herds diminishes to a remarkable degree towards the coast, while at 

 the same time a tendency towards decrease in size and the production 

 of dwarf races is observable in the native cattle. A study of the 

 principal kinds of domestic animals has shown that of bovines, the 

 large and heavy humped cattle, which are extremely susceptible to 

 trypanosomiasis, occur in the great cattle regions north of the 14th 

 degree of latitude, the southern limit of their occurrence coinciding 

 with the northern limit of Glossina. South of this region are races 

 of cattle without humps, but of moderate weight and size ; these 

 are thought to be hybrids between the humped animals and the 

 dwarf race. They are somewhat less susceptible to trypanosomiasis 

 than the humped animals, and, in spite of rather high mortality in 

 the winter, the natives manage to keep fairly large herds in the districts 

 where Glossina are not very abundant. Winter conditions, which 

 favour the fly, only last a few months in the regions where these 

 races live, and the cattle, pastured at some distance from the water- 

 courses, suffer but little. In the more southern or coast regions, where 

 the humidity is so much greater that Glossina are numerous 

 throughout the year, these large races, which are the only ones fit 

 for export, disappear completely and give place to races of small size 

 and rather poor appearance, which live in a half- wild condition. 

 These small animals exhibit great strength, and are frequently used 

 for transport ; they possess a natural resistance to trypanosomiasis, 

 and are, in fact, the only domestic animals that can survive in the 

 great zones infested by G. morsitans. On parts of the coast and on 

 the borders of the lakes is another small race, half wild, badly kept, 

 and living in extremely humid temperature ; these animals, while 

 not very healthy and often tubercular, are very resistant to 

 trypanosomiasis, and if well cared for and imported into other fly- 

 infested regions, might form excellent herds. Two very successful 

 experiments of this nature have already been made. 



In the case of horses, much the same conditions obtain ; most of 

 the strains are extremely susceptible to trypanosomiasis, but their 

 susceptibility is in direct ratio to their size. It is in mid-Dahomey 

 that a dwarf race is found that is the most resistant, although living 

 in a zone where Glossina are abundant and where three forms 

 of animal trypanosomiasis occur. The value of this race and its 

 importance in the production of mules seem to have been overlooked 

 by the natives. Donkeys, although less susceptible than horses, 

 cannot be raised in the true Glossina belts, but mules show a much 

 greater degree of immunity. Although the Algerian mules used 

 largely of late years in Senegal and the Sudan die in considerable 

 numbers, the local races seem to be completely immune and remain 

 healthy although attacked by hundreds of flies ; unfortunately, the 

 natives seem to have a prejudice against the breeding of mules. 



The larger races of goats and sheep, living in the open, show great 

 susceptibility to trypanosomiasis and cannot live in the fly zones 

 beyond the 14th degree ; within the fly zones the animals that occur 

 are of a much smaller type and are far less subject to the disease ; 

 this, however, is probably due rather to the fact that they live almost 

 entirely within the villages, where they are protected from flies, than 



