220 



of the other species of Habronema of the horse {H. muscae and H. 

 microstomum) has been followed on the same lines, and is described. 

 These three parasites, which develop either in M. domestica [H. 

 megastomuni and H. muscae) or in Stomoxys {H. microstomum), have 

 each an exclusive environment for development ; H. megastomum 

 is a parasite of the Malpighian tubes, its presence causing the formation 

 of a tumour in the organ on which it feeds, while H. muscae and 

 H. microstomum are parasites of the cells of the adipose tissue, from 

 which they do not escape until the end of their second stage. 



The penetration of the interlabellary membrane of the fly's proboscis 

 is a spontaneous action, depending entirely on the two essential 

 conditions of heat and moisture. Infestation of the horse takes place 

 through the contact of the extremity of the proboscis with the mucous 

 membrane of the lips or with warm, moist wounds on the surface of 

 the skin. 



NiKANORov (S. M.). K Bonpocy o Pojim BepO/iiOflOB b 3niiAeMiionoriiM 



AcipaxaHCKOil HyWIbl. [On the Question of the Role of Camels 

 in the Epidemiology of Plague in Astrachan.] — BeCTHMK 

 MMKpoSMOJlOrilM H 3ni1fleMM0J10rMM. [Herald of Microbiology and 

 Epidemiology], Saratov, i, pt. 2, 1922, pp. 89-128 & 178-179, 

 16 charts. [With a summary in French.] 



As a result of extensive investigations it has been definitely 

 ascertained that in the Kirgiz district camels are an important source 

 of plague infection in man. The method of infection of these animals 

 under natural conditions has not yet been proved, but evidently 

 ground squirrels are of importance in this connection, as they probably 

 contaminate the green fodder. Mice are even a more probable source 

 of danger, as by infecting the hay they create suitable conditions for 

 disseminating the disease by inhalation, this form generally proving 

 fatal. 



Boone (R. C. P.). Piroplasmose Bovine ou H^moglobinurie infectieuse. 



— //. Sta. Agron. Guadeloupe, Pointe-d-Pitre, ii, nos. 1 & 2, 

 1922, pp. 14-20 & 49-56. 



The nature, aetiology and transmission of bovine piroplasmosis are 

 described. The treatment suggested includes immunisation, for which 

 the various methods are quoted, the destruction of ticks by means of 

 dips and ointment, and the cleaning of the pasture by burning. 



Sergent (Ed.) & Foley (H.). L'Epidemiologie de la Fievre r6currente 

 dans I'Afrique du Nord. — Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg., 

 London, xvi, no. 3, 22nd June 1922, pp. 170-187, 5 figs., 1 chart. 



For the purpose of comparison with Cragg's paper [R.A.E., B, 

 X, 142] the authors review their observations made in North Africa 

 during 1907-14 ; from these it was found that recurrent fever and 

 typhus had the same seasonal distribution, followed the same course, 

 and might either succeed each other or occur simultaneously. 



The louse, Pediculus humanus {vestimenti) , is accepted as the vector 

 of recurrent fever [R.A.E., B, iv, 134], but the disease is apparently 

 not transmitted by biting. Infection has been produced by inoculation 

 and by placing crushed infected lice on abrasions on the skin. 



