223 



observers. The identity of C. melophagi with Trypanosoma melophagi 

 is confirmed by a comparison of cultures [cf. R.A.E., B, viii, 45, etc.]. 

 Details of these experiments and the complete life-history of the 

 trypanosome are to be published later. 



Haworth (W. E.). [A new Breeding Place for Mosquitos.] — Trans. 



R. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hvg., London, xvi, no. 3, 22nd June 1922, 



p. 201. 



In Tanganyika Territory mosquitos have been found breeding in 



the tops of coconut palms. The species concerned are Anopheles 



costalis, Culex tigripes, C. fatigans, Aedes {Stegomyia) metallicus, 



and A. (5.) argenteus {fasciata), the last-named being prevalent at 



Dar-es-Salaam, whereas at Tanga C. fatigans is the commonest 



species. Breeding continues throughout the year. 



Bentley (C. a.). Some Economic Aspects ot Bengal Malaria. — Ind. 

 Med. Gaz., Calcutta, Ivii, no. 9, September 1922, pp. 321-326, 

 3 plates. 



The admitted increase of malaria in Bengal can only be explained 

 on the assumption that there has been a corresponding increase in the 

 number and distribution of Anophelines and malarial parasites in 

 the areas affected. Unfortunately there are no actual observations on 

 this point, but there are grounds for believing that these mosquitos 

 are far more prevalent during July and October than they used to be, 

 the change being associated with a greatly lessened supply of water. 

 The other important variations responsible for the depopulation of 

 this area are also discussed. The reversion of cultivated or inhabited 

 areas into jungle has become very apparent, and is frequently 

 considered to be a primary cause of the general increase of malaria and 

 depopulation. All the important changes associated with the loss of 

 population occurring in so many areas in Bengal are consistent with 

 a reduction in the water supply of the affected localities. One of the 

 chief causes of this appears to be the construction of embankments. 

 Although it has been repeatedly said that these embankments have 

 impeded drainage and led to water-logging, resulting in an increase of 

 malaria, various investigations show that, with very few exceptions, 

 the country under the influence of the embankments is much drier 

 than it used to be. The most malarious districts are those where water 

 is scarce. 



Mackie (F. p.). The Problem of Kala-azar.— 7«rf. Med. Gaz., 

 Calcutta, Ivii, no. 9, September 1922, pp. 326-331, 1 plate. 



This paper deals with various aspects of kala-azar, such as the 

 different forms of diagnosis, the method of infection of the human 

 host, and the means by which the parasite, Leishmania donovani, is 

 transmitted to, and escapes from that host. 



Cross (H. E.) & Patel (P. G.). Hypoderma Larvae in Goats. — 

 Punjab Dept. Agric, Lahore, Vet. Bull. no. 3, 1921, 3 pp., 1 plate. 

 [Received 9th October 1922.] 



Much damage is caused to the skins of goats in India by the larvae 

 of Hypoderma sp. It has been estimated that one-quarter of the hides 

 exported are depreciated in value from 50 to 70 per cent, as a result. 

 The life-history and appearance of the maggots are described. The\' 

 are found in October and November under the skin along the back of 

 (8262) s 2 



