230 



by Theobald as T. (Culex) conopas, Frauenfeld, proves to be a synon^Tn 

 of T. giblini, Tayl. The only oriental species of Aedomyia, Theo., 

 is A. catasticta, Knab. 



A synonymic list of Oriental Culicines is given. 



Row (R.). On "Reversion of the Flagellate Form of Leishmania 



donovani and Leishmania tropica to the resistant non-flagellate 

 Torpedo and Body, in Culture Tubes and its Bearing on the 

 Attempts at the Search for the Transmitter." — Ind. Jl. Med. 

 Res., Calcutta, x, no. 2, Octob-r 1922, pp. 476-481, 1 plate. 



An experimental infection of the vertebrate host with Leishmania 

 donovani or L. tropica can only be successful if the resistant forms of 

 the parasite, that is, the 0, torpedo or oat-shaped bodies, are present. 

 The flagellates are very delicate, plasmolj^sing in contact with human 

 serum, and being readily phagocytised by leucocytes. When, there- 

 fore, search is being made for a transmitter, especially among blood- 

 sucking insects, it is not the presence of flagellates in the intestines 

 that is important, but the abundance of resistant forms, even to the 

 exclusion of flagellates. Flagellates alone may be found in certain 

 parts of the intestinal tract of the bed-bug {Cin:ex) even 31 days after 

 a clean feed ; but they may also be found in equal or greater numbers 

 in a test-tube containing the nutrient favourable to their growth, 

 namely haemoglobin. 



In view of the importance of the body, experiments were under- 

 taken to ascertain the factors that influenced its production. Desicca- 

 tion or concentration of the culture medium seems to be an important 

 factor, and the time taken by the parasites to pass through the various 

 phases between the first very motile flagellates and the final bodies 

 appears to be at least 13 weeks. 



In bed-bugs, on the other hand, previous observations have tended 

 to show that the flagellates once present in the intestine after a single 

 feed will probably die out ultimately, unless the insects have a subse- 

 quent feed of health}^ blood (when they reappear even in situations 

 where they were apparently absent) . 



In view of the factors of time and desiccation in the formation of 

 resistant bodies from the flagellates, their production in an insect 

 host would involve the assumption that such an insect should dry up, 

 and at the same time should live long enough on one feed alone. 



These considerations, coupled with the work of other investigators 

 [cf. R.A.E., B, X, 73], go far to exculpate the bug from the charge of 

 being the transmitter of kala-azar and Oriental sore — especially as no 

 positive transmission experiment has ever been effected. 



The possibility is suggested that there may perhaps be a third agenc}' 

 necessary, in the form of a second set of insectivorous or insectiferous 

 agencies that might take up the already multiplied flagellates and 

 complete their developmental cycle, or take up the first host in its 

 drying-up condition and thus act as intermediate transmitters. 



Iyengar (M. O. T.). The Larva of Anopheles annandalei, Prashad. — 



Ind. Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, x, no. 2, October 1922, pp. 526-529, 



1 plate. 



The original description of the larva of this mosquito [R.A.E., 



B, viii, 31] is amplified, particularly with reference to the characters 



differentiating it from those of other species. Three individuals 



collected recenth^ from tree-holes in Assam are thought to be this 



species. 



