50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



buds and frequently cutting a circular hole into the latter. The 

 pests display a marked fondness for the tender leaves, feeding 

 between the veins and producing a series of irregular, somewhat 

 linear, skeletonized areas sometimes extending through to the under 

 surface of the leaf. This pest was reported in early June as prev- 

 alent in Marlboro township and caused considerable damage to 

 the flower buds, it being estimated that one-third of the buds were 

 destroyed in some berry patches. Usually the damage is nearly 

 over before the presence of the insect is realized. 



The most satisfactory method of controlling this species is by 

 early and heavy applications of arsenate of lead, using 8 pounds 

 of paste to loo gallons of water and spraying before the beetles 

 have inflicted any material injury. In case there is an unusually 

 severe outbreak this spraying may be supplemented with kerosene 

 emulsion, 15 per cent kerosene or the standard formula used at 

 the rate of i gallon to 3I gallons of water, a strength recommended 

 by entomologists of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. It 

 is quite possible that a tobacco extract, nicotine sulphate, 40 per 

 cent nicotine, used at the rate of three-fourths of a pint to 100 

 gallons of water to which is added 6 to 8 pounds of any cheap soap, 

 would be equally effective m destroying the beetles and less likely 

 to harm the foliage. 



There have been some unfortunate results following the use of 

 an arsenate of lead and sulphur mixture upon raspberry foliage. 

 The difficulty may have been due to the character of the preparation 

 and, lacking more definite information, we would simply suggest 

 caution in the employment of any such material upon berry bushes. 



GRASS AND GRAIN PESTS 

 June beetles and white grubs (PhyUophaga fusca Frohl- 

 and others). These insects are more or less common every season 

 though during the last decade, at least, there has been a marked 

 abundance of the beetles at rather well-defined triennial periods 

 followed the next season by injury, sometimes serious, in grasslands 

 adjacent to woodlands or near a number of trees. The reason for 

 this is due to the fact that the parent beetles feed upon the foliage 

 of a variety of trees at night, displaying a marked preference for 

 oak, birch, elm and, under certain conditions, maple, and during 

 the daytime shelter in nearby grass. The eggs are laid in these 

 latter locaUties among the roots of the grass. The young grubs 

 hatch in a few weeks and feed for a time that season, and the 



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