Kellogg (V. L.). Ectoparasites of Mammals. — Amer.Nat., New York, 

 xlviii, no. 569, May 1911, pp. 257-279. [Reprint received 

 23rd December 1914]. 



This interesting paper deals with the relations existing between 

 mammals and their Mallophagan and Anopluran parasites. 



Of the Anoplura of the Cercopitiiecidae, nine of the ten 

 species belong to the genus Pedecinus, long recognised as the charac- 

 teristic genus of the lower monkeys, as contrasted with the genus 

 Pediculus, characteristic of the anthropoid apes and man. Among 

 the SiMiiDAE, two gibbons, Hylohates syndactijlus from Sumatra, and 

 H. leuciscus from Borneo, are infested by a single species of Pediculus, 

 not elsewhere recorded, which is common to them both, while the 

 chimpanzee has also a single species of Pediculus which is peculiar 

 to it. It is also a remarkable fact that three species of the genus 

 Ateles, which has been considered by some authorities to replace the 

 Anthropoids in the New World, have yielded three species of Pediculus. 

 No species of Pedecinus has been found on a Simian host. 



Man is the host of three well-known Anoplura, two of which are 

 species of Pediculus, and the third the only known representative of 

 the genus Pthirius. All these parasites occur on man in all parts of the 

 world, but variations among them exist, perhaps the most curious 

 being a tendency to a darker coloration of individuals which occur 

 on the bodies of men of the dark-skinned races. There is no doubt 

 that the close physiological relation between parasite and host makes 

 their host distribution significant of genetic relationship, and this 

 commonness of one type of parasite to man and the apes, and its 

 limitation to these hosts and replacement on the lower monkeys by 

 another type, is an indication of the actual close relationship of the 

 Simians and man, which is apparently greater than that between the 

 Simians and the lower monkeys. 



The belief gained by the author from a study of the distribution of the 

 bird-infesting Mallophaga, that the host distribution of the permanent 

 wingless ectoparasites of birds is determined more by the genetic 

 relationships of their hosts than by geographical factors, is confirmed 

 by the present study of the mammalian parasites. These facts have 

 the important corollary that the distribution of the parasites may 

 often have a valuable significance as to the genetic relationships of 

 animals whose genealogic affinities are not clearly understood. 



Neumann (L. G.). Parasites et Maladies Parasitaires du Chien et du 

 Chat. [Parasites and parasitic diseases of the Dog and Cat.] 

 Paris : AsseUn et Houzeau, 1914, 348 pp., 156 figs. Price 4 fr. 50. 



This book is a treatise on the parasitic diseases, internal or external, 

 of dogs and cats, the parasite in each case being described and figured. 

 The following is a brief summary of that part of the book which is of 

 entomological interest. 



The dog flea is noticed as the carrier of Dipylidium caninum, the 

 common tape- worm of the dog. A good method of ridding dogs of fleas 

 is to dip them, hind legs first, in a bath of 2^-3 per cent potassium sul- 

 phide in warm water. The immersion should be conducted slowly so 

 that the liquid may thoroughly penetrate the hair. A 2 per cent, solu- 

 tion of creohne is almost equally effective and both are greatly superior 



(C116) ^2 



