50 



species were taken near the mouth of fresh-water streams and are 

 unable to live in sluggish, or badly oxygenated water. Among^ 

 aquatic insects inimical to mosquito larvae, dragon-fly larvae and 

 Nepidae are abundant in all the swamps. Fewer complaints have 

 been made of the Ceratopogon prevalent on Prison Island during the 

 hot months, since the larger of certain pits containing rotting vegeta- 

 tion were filled up with sand. Xenopsylla cheopis, Roths., the flea 

 which occurs on the three common town rats of Zanzibar, was also 

 abundant on the bandicoot, Mus handicota. Cimex lectularius, L. , is only 

 exceptionally met with in Zanzibar, but C. hemiptera, F. {rotundatus, 

 Sign.) is to be found everywhere throughout the two islands and is, at 

 times, a veritable scourge in the prisons. Fumigation with Clayton gas 

 has given excellent results. Among the Tabanidae not previously 

 recorded are : — T. conspicuus, Ric, T. leucosto7mis, Lw., T. produc- 

 ticornis, Aust., and T. albipectus, Big. ^gophagamyia pungens, 

 Aust., is never found inland, but is common on the sea-shore at various 

 points. Goat's blood is the favourite food of this species, which is 

 not recorded as attacking man. Adersia oestroides, Aust., is similar 

 in its habits and is often found near cattle. Haematopota decora, 

 Walk., is the only known species of the genus from Zanzibar ; it 

 occurs throughout the year in both islands and generally feeds on 

 cattle. Chrysops longicornis, Macq., has the same distribution and 

 also occurs throughout the year ; it readily attacks man, inflicting a 

 painful wound near the ankles. A chart is given of the seasonal 

 incidence of the common Tabanidae, showing that they appear in 

 great numbers after the rains, e.g., in May, June and October. Animals 

 somewhat out of condition are especially singled out for attack by 

 Stomoxys calcitrans, L. Zanzibar is remarkably free from market 

 flies, but the following have been identified : Pycnosoma putormm, 

 Wied., P. marginale, Wied., P. albiceps, Wied., and Musca domestica. 

 Ornithodorus moubata and Auclimeromyia lufeola, although common 

 in British East Africa and German East Africa, are unknown in 

 Zanzibar, nor have specimens been obtained of Simuliidae, or of 

 blood-sucking species of Psychodidae. 



Lalor (N. p. O'Gorman). Investigation of Malaria in the District of 

 Katha. — Rangoon : Office of the Superintendent of Government 

 Printing, Burma, September 1913, 18 pp., 2 pis., 2 maps, 1 chart. 



In the neighbourhood of the town of Wuntho malaria is very pre- 

 valent and is associated with blackwater fever. In 16 villages the 

 spleen rate varied between 15-28 to 85 per cent. The breeding of 

 Anophelines is favoured by the presence of stagnant water, which is 

 present all the year round in irrigation cuts or in the pools to which 

 they give rise. The indigenous Anophelines include : Anopiheles 

 (MyzorhyncJws) barbirosfris, A. sinensis {nigerrimns), Anopheles 

 {NyssorhyyicJius) fidiginosus, A. maculipalpis, A. kochi {Christophersia 

 halli), Anopheles {Myzoniyia) culicifacies, A. rossi, A. listoni var. albo- 

 apicalis and Anopheles {Neocellia) willmori. A. barbirostris is by far 

 the most numerous species ; A. culicifacies is prevalent from the end 

 of February until June, A. barbirostris and A.fidiginosiis from October 

 to December, A. rossi in May, and A. listoni from the end of October 



