65 



Walker (E. L.) & Baeber (M. A.). Malaria in the Pliilippine Islands: 

 I. — Experiments on the Transmission of Malaria with Anopheles 

 (Myzomyia) febrifer, sp. nov., Anopheles (Pseudomyzomyia) rossii, 

 Anopheles {Myzorhynchus) barbirostris, Anopheles (Myzorhynchus) 

 sinensis, and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) tnaculatus. — Philippine 

 Jl. Sci., Manila, Sec. B, ix, no. 5, September 1914, pp. 381-439, 

 13 tables. [Received 25th March 1915.] 



The following species of mosquito have been recorded as occurring 

 in the Philippine Islands : — Anopheles funestus, Giles, A. tessellatus 

 (thorntoni, Ludl.), A. minimus, Theo. {mangyana. Banks), A. ludloivii, 

 Theo., A. rossii, var. indefinatus, Ludlow, Anopheles {Stethomyia) 

 pallidus, Ludl., Anopheles {Pyretophorus) fuliginosus {freerae, Banks), 

 A. philippinensis, Ludl., A. pitchfordi, Giles, A. barbirostris, Wulp, 

 A. pseudobarbirostris, Ludl., A. sinensis, Wied. (vanus, Walk.), and A. 

 (Cellia) kochi, Donitz. Six of these are reported to be malaria-carriers, 

 but A. funestus does not, in fact, occur in the Philippines. 



Anopheles febrifer, Banks, sp. nov.,* A. rossii, Giles, A. barbirostris, 

 van de Wulp, A. sinensis, Wied., and A. maculatus, Theo., are dealt 

 with in this paper. A. febrifer is common in Laguna Province and 

 appears to be a new species. It is abundant in shaded brooks, in 

 depressions of the bank in wooded streams and especially where 

 collections of drift twigs and leaves project in the water ; it also breeds 

 in open brooks or irrigation ditches, if the water be running and the 

 banks shaded. The relations between A. rossii and A. ludloivii are 

 discussed at length and the experiments made at the Philippine Medical 

 School in 1909-10, which go to prove that A. rossii is not a carrier 

 of malaria, are cited. A. barbirostris is widely spread in Laguna 

 Province, but not numerous. A. maculatus, reported as a highland 

 species, has been found in Laguna Province at 300 feet above sea-level, 

 always on the banks of densely shaded brooks, limited in distribution 

 and more plentiful in the cool season. A. fuliginosus was also bred from 

 larvae collected. In the above statement the synonymy is given at 

 length and reference given to authors with data as to the malaria- 

 carrying capacity or otherwise of the species. All the mosquitos used 

 in the experiments were collected and bred from larvae, and all were 

 from Laguna Province, with the exception of the strain of A. rossii 

 which breeds in brackish or salt water, the larvae of which were 

 collected on the borders of Manila Bay, about 30 miles away. Details 

 of the methods used for collecting the larvae are given and the necessity 

 for collecting very large quantities is emphasised, as large numbers fail 

 to develop and many of the insects die. The larvae were bred in 

 battery jars and w^ide-mouthed bottles covered with netting and the 

 insects allowed to escape into " biting cages " consisting of lamp 

 chimneys set in a Petri dish filled with washed sand kept saturated 

 with water ; when not fed on blood, split raisins laid on the netting 

 served as food. Cleanliness was maintained by frequent changes of 

 food and water and even of the cages. The hospital on the Calamba 

 Sugar Estate supplied the patients for infecting the mosquitos, which 

 were allowed to bite the skin through the netting, generally in the 

 early morning, as the light enabled those that were gorged to be 



• Described here for the first time. The proper name for this species ia 



Anopheles minimus, Theo. {teste F. W. Edwards). — Ed. ^..^^~^- 7 ^"^^ 



(C151) Wt.P12/91. 1600. 5.15. B,&F.,Ltd. Gp. 11/3. /'\\\>^<>^^*^ A^^^'^N 



