-70 



-It is noted ttat the distribution of the genus Alouatta {A. seniculus 

 being the red howler) corresponds fairly closely with that of 

 endemic yellow fever." A similar belief exists along the Orinoco in 

 relation to the mortality among capybaras [see this Review, Ser. B, 

 ii, p. 176] and outbreaks of equine trypanosomiasis " Keugnera." It 

 is stated as a well known fact, that in Brazil and elsewhere there is a 

 quinine-resistant strain of malarial plasmodium, considered to be due 

 to the fact that the population has for years been saturated with 

 quinine and that the parasites have become tolerant of it. Bebeeru 

 bark, Nectandra rodiaei, Greenheart, is suggested as a substitute ; it 

 was used long ago, but fell into disuse, because occasionally it appeared 

 to fail. At Baranquilla, where S.fasciata is said not to exist, the author 

 caught a specimen. In some parts of Colombia, a tick, Ornithodorus 

 turicata, is known to be the carrier of relapsing fever. Tabanids are 

 said to attack equines chiefly on the fetlocks, though Chrysops is always 

 found on the neck and withers. 



Sen (S. K.). Observations on Respiration of Culicidae. — Ind. Jl. Med, 

 Research, Calcutta, ii, no. 3, January 1915, pp. 681-697, 2 pis., 

 3 figs., 4 charts. 



The following observations on the consumption of oxygen and 

 evolution of carbon dioxide by mosquitos, were made mainly in order 

 to ascertain whether differences in this respect exist between the larval, 

 pupal, and imaginal stages. The object was to obtain data which 

 might assist the construction of a curve showing the fluctuation of 

 metabolic activity throughout the life of a mosquito, in so far as these 

 jfluctuations are correctly indicated by the amount of carbon dioxide 

 given off in a stated time, and to determine the relative importance of 

 atmospheric and dissolved oxygen. As the result of a large number of 

 careful observations the following conclusions are arrived at :— 

 (1) The average rate of consumption of oxygen was found for 

 Culex sitiens {microannulatus), larva (full grown) Tl c.mm. per hour; 

 C. sitiens, pupa, 1-9 c.mm. per hour (0-84 grammes per kilo body 

 weight) ; Slegomyia scutellaris, pupa, 1-6 c.mm. per hour, and C. sitiens 

 adult, 25 c.mm. per hour. (2) The differences in rate of pupal respira- 

 tion seemed to depend on the species rather than on difference in size. 

 (3) There was no evidence that pupae absorb nitrogen as well as 

 oxygen. (4) The larva or the pupa absorbs oxygen at approximately 

 the same rate till the death point. (5) The value of dissolved air in 

 the respiratory act of the pupa and the larva is very small or negligible, 

 and the elimination of the gills seemed to have little effect on larval 

 respiration. (6) Want of oxygen is more quickly and keenly felt by, 

 and sooner kills, the pupa than the larva. Culex is more susceptible 

 than Slegomyia. In an Addendum, Dr. S. Da Costa Lima's experiments 

 are criticised. 



Cragg (Capt. F. W.). A preliminary Note on Fertilization in Cimex. 

 — Ind. Jl. Med. Research, Calcutta, ii, no. 3, January 1915, 

 pp. 698-705, 1 pi. 



This is a criticism of Berlese's account of the mode of fertilisation 

 in Cimex. The cycle of changes described by him are stated to be 

 not confirmed. 



