81 



Thibault (J. K., Junr.). U.S. Bur. Entom. A Com^ 



on the Losses to Rural Industries from Malarial Mosquitoes. — 



Southern Med. JL, Mobile, Ala., viii, no. 3, March 1915, 

 pp. 195-196. 



At Scott, Arkansas, the prolonged cold weather in winter and spring 

 delayed mosquito breeding and then the unprecedented drought, 

 which began about mid-May, made itself felt. The mosquitos were 

 driven from all out-houses and most of the smaller dwellings and from 

 even rank growths of vegetation, all of which normally give adequate 

 protection. At this time, most of the adults taken were from under- 

 ground dwellings. Anopheles quadrimaculatus. Say, was found in 

 every house where malarial cases occurred, except one, and this was a 

 case which relapsed at a time when very few mosquitos were to be 

 found anywhere. The larvae of this species were found frequently 

 in 1914 in rain barrels and cisterns, but it was very difficult to breed 

 adults from them in the water from such places. No Anopheles were 

 found breeding in either foul or very muddy water. No evidence was 

 found that adults fly far from their breeding places. Negative results 

 were obtained in an interception experiment where flight traps were 

 placed over water and situated approximately 250 yards from either 

 bank. On the plantation where a study was made of the incidence of 

 malaria during the crop season, the very small percentage of malarial 

 cases was noticeable, as was also the very high percentage of aestivo- 

 autumnal and quartan infections. These types of malaria are evidently 

 more resistant to the unfavourable influence of the unusual weather 

 conditions, but whether the survival of these types over the tertian 

 was due to influences acting on them while in the body of man or that 

 of the mosquito, is unknown. 



LuTZ (A.) & Neiva (A.). As "Tabanidae" do Estado do Rio de 

 Janeiro. [The Tabanidae of the State of Rio de Janeiro.]— 

 Memorias Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Ja7ieiro, vi, no. 2, 1914, 

 pp. 69-80. [Received May 1915.] 



Gadflies are seldom seen in the city of Rio, but are to be found 

 in the suburbs, situated in part on the slopes of the mountains 

 near the city. The Institute in Manguinhos is at some considerable 

 distance from the momitains, lying between the suburbs and the 

 shore of the bay. Here Neotabaniis obsoletus, Wied., occurs, and 

 its larvae probably live in the mangrove swamps, although this 

 has not yet been proved. Other species pecuUar to the coast 

 zone are, N. comitans, Wied., and N. ixyostactes, Wied., the 

 former being abundant and the latter very rare. They do not exclu- 

 sively inhabit mangrove swamps, for they occur in other States, 

 far inland. Tabmms importumis, Wied., was taken, but is seldom 

 found in this latitude, though common further north. Besides some 

 common species of Neotabanus related to iV". trilineatus, Latr., the 

 only other species found was Chlorotabanus mexicanus, which is very 

 widely distributed, but easily overlooked, as it is crepuscular in habits. 

 N. ochrophilus and N. triangidum were also bred from larvae found in 

 the mud of a small stream in the Institute grounds. Although a fai 

 number of horses and cattle were kept here, no other species wer 

 noticed. Neiva collected Tabanids during a whole year in Xerem 

 (C162) Wt.P12/97. 1500. 6.15. B.&F.Ltd. Gp.11/3. a 



