109 



a complete film. Untrained persons sometimes have difficulty in 

 recognising a film of kerosene, when present on water. Methods of 

 oiling are considered and an account of oil drips is given. A simple 

 form of drip consists of a petroleum tin on a board, placed across the 

 drain which requires oiling. A nail is inserted in the bottom of the 

 tin, head upwards, i.e. inside the bin, and cotton waste is placed around 

 its head. By pulling the point of the nail downwards or gently pushing 

 it upwards the flow of oil may be decreased or increased as desired. 

 For thinner oils a 5-gallon can with a metal discharge tap may be used, 

 wdiile for the heavy crude oil of asphalt base, largely used at Panama, 

 a flat lamp-wick drip was employed in a flat wick-holder which w^as 

 compressed or widened to regulate the rate of flow. On ditches or 

 streams having an average width of water surface of 1 foot, from 10 

 to 20 drops of oil per minute are applied ; the quantity varies with 

 local conditions. Several drip cans may be necessary on long exten- 

 sions. Where the use of a drip can is not warranted, a small bundle 

 of oil-soaked cotton waste may be placed at the source of the water, 

 being re-soaked about every week, when exhausted ; the heavier 

 oils are best for this purpose. This practical paper concludes with 

 notes on personnel, inspections, maps and records. 



Jamieson (S.). Malaria arising in a non-malarial district. — Med. Jl. 

 of Austmlia, Sydney, i (2nd year), no. 8, 20th February 1915, 

 pp. 163-168. 



A scrub-cutter and cleaner from the Gosford district of New South 

 Wales was admitted to hospital suffering from simple tertian malaria. 

 Anophelines are known to be present in that part of Australia, but 

 hitlieito, no case of locally caused malaria has been rejjorted. In 

 view of the return of a number of malaria-infected troops from New 

 Guinea, the occurrence of such a case is of importance. 



Hadwen (S.). Warble Flies : A Further Contribution on the Biology 



of Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis. — Parasitokgy, 

 Cambridge, vii, no. 4, March 1915, pp. 331-338. 



An account of experiments performed in 1913 and the spring of 

 1914 with larvae of Hypoderma taken from the gullets of cattle is 

 given. Although no definite results were obtained, the experiments 

 corroborate the view that warble flies gain an entrance through the 

 skin [see this Renew, Ser. B, iii, p. 19,] and seem to show^ that the 

 larvae select the gullet for reasons connected with their growth, which, 

 it is suggested, may be a freer supply of oxygen and a loose areolar 

 tissue offering them Uttle resistance. The larvae lie horizontally 

 under the hide and are thus less affected by the skin movements than 

 if they were perpendicular. Cattle are much less worried by H. 

 lineatmn than by H. bovis and the seasonal activity of the former is 

 earlier than that of the latter. Observations made on oviposition 

 confirmed those of Riley and Glaser. Further proof was afforded of 

 the terror which H. bovis inspires in cattle It was observed that when 

 the cattle, after becoming exhausted, lie down, apparently indift'erent to 

 the attacks of the fly, the eggs were laid higher up on the body of the 

 host. 



