Ill 



muscae-domesticae can produce infection in the rat and the mouse and 

 conclude that slight infection may be produced in these animals, as is 

 the case with the flagellates of fleas, mosquitos, and Melophagus ovinus. 



RouBAUD (E.). Les z6nes t ts6ts6s de la Petite-C6te et du Bas- 

 Saloum (S6n6gal). [The tsetse belts of the Petite-Cote and of the 

 Lower Salum (Senegal).] — Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, viii, no. 3, 

 10th March 1915, pp. 130-137. 



This paper deals with the habitat of Glossina ])alpalis in the Petite- 

 Cote, Senegal, and with the tsetse belt which extends between the 

 estuary of the English Gambia and that of the Salum. On a rapid 

 journey through Thies, Nianing, Ngazobil and Fatik, the author 

 found G. jjaljKilis only, though G. longipaljns was taken there by 

 Thiroux and D'Anfreville. The most important focus of trypano- 

 somiasis in Lower Senegal is that near Nianing. The G. palpalis 

 zone is there characterised by trees peculiar to a savannah park, such 

 as baobabs, figs, tamarinds and cotton trees, with thick bush 

 between them, consisting of jujube trees, acacias, tamarisks, etc. 

 The fly was abundant in the bush, both near the dry swamp and at 

 more than a kilometre from its banks ; it was absent only in par- 

 ticularly arid places where thorn trees alone were found. The peculiar 

 distribution of G. 2^(dpalis in the Petite-Cote is essentially due to the 

 geographical orientation of the region, which is protected against the 

 trade winds and therefore lacks dunes, so that vegetation extends 

 right down to the sea. The moisture from the sea maintains the 

 hygroscopic conditions necessary to the fly. In the Petite-Cote, the 

 sea plays the role of the sheets of water necessary for permanent 

 haunts of this Glossina. The fly in Nianing transmits at least two 

 animal trypanosomes besides the human trypanosome. A kid upon 

 which sixty flies were fed for three days became infected with T. 

 cazalboui. Of the seven horses at Nianing, four were infected with 

 T. dimorphon and one with T. cazalboui ; horses do not generally 

 survive two winters at Nianing. It is important to try and destroy 

 this focus of trypanosomiasis as it injures trade and the fly zone is 

 not extensive. An experimental clearing of the bush was undertaken 

 near the swamp, but it was on too small a scale. The whole zone 

 between the marsh and the sea must be cleared. 



On the Lower Salum, G. palpalis and G. morsitans were met with. 

 G. palpalis is found in all the mangrove areas and is especially 

 abundant around Fundiugne, in the small islands of the estuary. 

 G. morsitans is a veritable scourge on the Lower Salum, especially in 

 the small coastal province of Niom-Bato which is a very important 

 centre of cattle trypanosomiasis. Niom-Bato hes between the estuary 

 of the English Gambia and that of the Salum ; it is of the savannah- 

 park type with few villages, and the bush is inhabited by game, 

 particularly by big antelopes. Brackish marshes subject to tidal 

 influence are a feature of this area. The sea penetrates into the heart 

 of the savannah in the form of narrow channels fringed with man- 

 groves. At low water, monkeys, antelopes and crabs can be seen on 

 the uncovered land. Apart from this abundant maritime irrigation 

 there is little water. Wells are rare and often at a distance from the 

 villages. In spite of its maritime peculiarities, the Niom-Bato region 



