122 



the adults cannot. Auclmieromyia luteola is an example of this. The 

 structure of the mouth-parts and the mode of sucking blood are 

 described. Species of CJiaeromyia are only capable of attacking 

 comparatively hairless animals, and experimentally, man. The 

 larvae of Phormia sordkla, Zett., (=P. azurea, Meig) were shown to 

 attack young swallows in the nest by Dufour in 1844. This has been 

 recently confirmed by H. du Buysson, who has also taken the larvae 

 of Phormia freshly gorged with blood in the nests of tits [see this 

 Review, Ser. B, iii, p. 97]. The author has succeeded in causing 

 the larvae to bite the bare skin of the guinea-pig and fowl. Rodhain 

 has described a blood-sucking Muscid larva from the nests of Passer 

 griseiis in the Belgian Congo, which greatly resembled Phormia sordkla 

 in its habits. All these larvae have the same method of adhesion to- 

 the skin by the border of the first postcephalic segment acting as a 

 cupping glass, the scarification of the skin by the buccal hooks, and 

 the negative pressure produced by the movements of the invaginated 

 pseudocephalon. Two conditions are necessary ; the skin must be 

 bare or practically so, and the host must be at rest. The author 

 regards this blood-sucking habit as an intermediate stage, in the 

 evolution of permanent cuticular parasitism and it is pointed out that 

 two types of cuticular Muscid larvae correspond with those described. 

 Cordylobia anthrophophaga is a cuticular parasite of man and mammals, 

 and the larvae of Mydaea are parasitic on the woodpeckers of South 

 America [see this Revieiv, Ser. B, i, p. 133]. 



Extermination of Flies and Mosquitos. — Jl. R. Sac. Arts., London, Ixiii, 

 no. 3255, 9th April 1915, pp. 479-480. 

 An account from V Agriculture Nouvelle is quoted of experiments 

 made for the extermination of horse flies attacking horses at Noumea, 

 New Caledonia. Cod-liver oil, applied to the infested parts of the 

 animal, is said to kill them immediately and to produce no caustic 

 effect on the skin. It is said to be equally efficacious in the 

 extermination of house-flies, mosquitos and ticks, the effect of the 

 applications lasting from 10 to 18 hours. Mosquito larvae are killed 

 immediately w^hen cod-liver oil is spread on the surface of pools con- 

 taining them. 



Tpyflbi coBtmahifl 6aKTepiojioroB-b m npeflciaBHTeneM spaMeOHo-caHM- 

 TapHbixij opraHMsaum no 6opb6t ci. aapasHbiMM SontsHUMM bt> 

 CBflSM CT> BOeHHbllWb BpeiVieHeivll>. [Proceedings of the Conference 

 of bacteriologists and representatives of medical- sanitary authori- 

 ties on the campaign against infectious diseases in connection 

 with the War. (Moscow, 10-12 January 1915).] Published 

 by the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of Pirogov, 

 Moscow, 1915, 131 pp. 

 The following papers, bearing on the subject of obnoxious insects, 



were read at the Conference : — 



PosTNiKov (A. I.). Ktj Bonpocy 6opb6t ci* Bujaiwii B-b fl-fePicTByH)- 



meti apiVliM. [On the question of the control of hce in the active 



army], pp 70-71. 



The author states that the Russian army is suffering from Pedicuhis 



humanus [vestimenti), while P. capitis and Pthirus pubis are less common. 



