124 



ledularius. African tick-fever has been also imported into Persia, 

 where it is carried by Ornithodorus tholosani. The campaign against 

 infectious disease must include, besides disinfection, the destruction 

 of all insect parasites of man. A number of remedies against Pediculus 

 humanus are given, such as Persian powder, naphthaline, sulphur and 

 camphor, which, however, are not always effective ; various ointments, 

 especially those containing white or, better still, black birch-tar, the 

 disadvantage of which is that they soil the underclothing ; quinine 

 or mercury, it being mentioned that the natives in Turkestan carry 

 on their hands and legs bracelets made of threads soaked with mercury 

 compounds ; various ethereal oils, the most effective in keeping the 

 insects away being clove oil, eucalyptus oil, oil of anise and camphor 

 oil ; various soaps, such as tar, sulphur, sabadilla soaps ; the liquids 

 of Malinin, of Gribinyuk, Judin, Odessa-Hquid, sabadilla decoction, 

 etc. ; gases, such as carbon bisulphide, SO^, formaldehyde, hydrocyanic 

 acid, tobacco-smoke, etc. ; treatment under high temperature up 

 to 200° F. In order to destroy the eggs of lice and fleas, fumigation 

 with special lamps must be used . The floors must be washed with kero- 

 sene and cracks filled with tar or with a 2 or 3 per cent, solution of anti- 

 formin. A good remedy in common use against fleas is dry wormwood 

 leaves . None of the above remedies can be regarded as ensuring radical 

 results, and the best methods consist in treating the linen and clothes 

 in such a way as to prevent the parasites from living on them ; the 

 best method "is to soak the linen with a 10 per cent, alkaline solution 

 of [black] birch tar (white birch tar being less effective owing to the 

 absence of smell) ; silk underclothing is also quite satisfactory in this 

 respect. The best kind of disinfecting chamber for army requirements 

 is that used by the Japanese, by which disinfection on a large scale 

 can be carried out. Kummerfeld's wash is useful and is prepared as 

 follows :— 20 parts of precipitated sulphur are incorporated in a mortar 

 with 50 parts of glycerine ; 2 parts of camphor are separately ground 

 with 50 of Eau de'Cologne and 20 of borax and 870 parts of distilled 

 water are added ; the whole is mixed together and 3 drops of an 

 extract of musk are added, shaking in order to prevent the sulphur 

 from settling down ; 50 parts of ether are added to the mixture. 



Jakimov (V. L.) & Shochor (N. I.). KowHbiM netiujMaHioa-b (boctoh- 



Han fl3Ba). [Skin Leishmaniasis (Oriental sore).] — « M3B"feCTifl 



ncTporpaACKOti BionorMHecKOM Jla6opaTopiM.» {Bulletin du Labo- 



ratoire Biohgique de Petrograd], Petrograd, 1915, xv, no. 1-2, 



pp. 33-36. 



This is a brief report of the expedition for the investigation of 



tropical diseases in Turkestan and of leishmaniasis in Bokhara, 



Samarkand, Askhabad and Termez (on the Russian Afghanistan 



frontier). Termez appears to be the focus of the disease. Out of 59 



officers, the disease was contracted by 40 (67-8 per cent.), of which 



number 32 (80 per cent.) fell ill in Temez, 4 (10 per cent.) in Askhabad, 



3 (7-5 per cent.) in Samarkand and 1 (25 per cent.) in Transcaspia. 



Of the 32 patients in Termez, 14 (43-8 per cent.) became ill during the 



first year of their sojourn in the fortress, 11 (34-3 per cent.) during the 



second year, 2 (6-4 per cent.) during the third, 1 (3-1 per cent.) during 



the fourth, 3 (9-3 per cent.) during the fifth and 1 (3-1 per cent.) during 



