159 



especially about the vent and under the wings. The average cost of 

 dusting with this mixture is about Is. 4d. per 100 fowls. The dipping 

 of fowls is not advised, as the effect on the birds is rather severe. 

 The following dips have however been used : Pure carbolic acid, 

 1\ oz., in 1 gal. of hot water. When the solution has cooled, the fowl 

 should be dipped in it for 1 minute only. Creolin at the rate of 2| oz. 

 to a gallon of water may be used instead of carbolic acid. A very 

 convenient mixture for painting perches, fittings, walls, etc., of a 

 poultry house, is a combination of 3 parts kerosene and 1 part of 

 crude carbolic acid. Another mixture is known as cresol soap. This 

 is made by shaving a 6d. cake of laundry soap into one pint of soft 

 water. When a soap paste is formed, one pound of commercial cresol 

 is added and the mixture allowed to stand until the paste is dissolved. 

 One gallon of kerosene is then stirred in. This mixture should be 

 applied undiluted, care being taken that it does not touch the hands 

 or face of the manipulator. 



BiSHOPP (F. C). Flies which cause Myiasis in Man and Animals- 

 Some Aspects of the Problem.— Ji. Econ. Entom., Concord, viii, 

 no. 3, June 1915, pp. 317-329. 



Oestrus avis (sheep bot) is primarily a pest of sheep, but sometimes 

 attacks other animals and man. In certain elevated regions of the 

 Sahara, the eggs or larvae are deposited upon the conjunctival and 

 nasal mucous membranes of man and cause much trouble from March 

 to June. The fly is common in many parts of the United States, but 

 there is as yet no record of myiasis in man being caused by it. Cases 

 of man being infested by larvae of Hypoderma lineata (ox warble) are 

 known. In some instances the larvae move beneath the skin until 

 mature, in others, they develop at the root of the tongue or within 

 the orbit of the eye. Dermatobia hominis is a common cause of dermal 

 myiasis in man and animals in tropical America. Chrysomyia macellaria 

 is troublesome in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America, 

 Lucilia sericata, L. cwsar, Phormia regina and Sarcophaga spp. being 

 next in importance. Sarcophaga pyophUa in South America and 

 iS. lamhens in Brazil are known to cause human myiasis. In Hawaii, 

 Pycnosoma {Calliphora) dux causes serious loss among sheep by 

 attacking scars caused by sheep scab and by blowing soiled wool, from 

 which the larvae ultimately work into the flesh. In Australia, 

 Anastellorhina augur, F. {Calliphora oceaniae), Pollenia stygia, F. 

 (C. villosa), and Pycnosoma (C) rufijacies are responsible for the 

 infestation of sheep. Lucilia sericata and L. ccesar occur commonly in 

 Australia. In Great Britain and parts of Europe the two last-named 

 species cause the blowing of wool. In southern Russia, Wohlfahrtia 

 magnifica is connected with similar injury in sheep ; this species is 

 viviparous and infests 25 per cent, or more of the sheep annually. 

 Sarcophaga ruficornis produces severe forms of myiasis in India. Apart 

 from the causation of myiasis, Muscids and Sarcophagids are important 

 in that they all have the habit of visiting carcases and other decaying 

 animal and vegetable matter. In the south of the United States, these 

 flies are a pest in the vicinity of slaughter-houses. Eggs may be 

 deposited on the carcases and the larvae may penetrate the flesh unless 

 strict vigilance be exercised. Access to foodstuffs by the flies is 



