164 



enolrmoiisly reduced by spreading stable manure thinly over the land 

 every few days to enable it to dry rapidly. The value of the manure 

 as a fertiUser is said to be increased by this method. Chloride of lime, 

 Jeyes' Fluid or 1 per cent, arsenite of soda can be used on a small 

 scale for destroying the larvae. Adult flies in houses can be controlled 

 by means of one part formalin in 15 parts milk and water or by a 

 sweetened solution of arsenite of soda. Flies in stables have been 

 reduced by means of a hanging branch sprayed every two days with a 

 solution of I lb. arsenite of soda and 4 lb. sugar in 4 gals, water. 



Stomoxys is abundant during the wet season. The breeding places 

 consist of rotting hay or grass, or stable litter containing a proportion 

 of straw. Pure manure does not attract this fly to any extent. The 

 larvae require more moisture than do those of M. domeMica and almost 

 complete darkness. The shortest larval period recorded is about 11 

 days. The scattering and drying of all infested matter is a valuable 

 control measure. The suppression of this fly is important to dairymen, 

 since its presence may lead to marked diminution in the yield of milk. 

 This insect caused the fly plague in Zululand in April 1914, which 

 resulted in injury or death to many cattle and horses. A repellant 

 mixture of fish oil and paraffin is generally recommended, but only 

 gives temporary relief. 



Cordylobia anthropophaga was abundant during the last two rainy 

 seasons. The eggs or living young are deposited on the sleeping places 

 of man and domestic animals or directly on the skin of the host- 

 The larva bores into the skin, producing a boil. Maturity is reached 

 in 14 days, when the larva emerges, falls to the ground and pupates 

 in the soil or flooring. The adult emerges after 16 days. The obvious 

 remedy is to squeeze out the larva and to wash out the cavity with an 

 antiseptic. For prevention, all woollen clothing should be ironed and 

 placed in a closed receptacle. The sleeping places of animals near 

 houses should be cleaned at frequent intervals. 



Natives who sleep directly on the ground are liable to attack by 

 the floor maggot [Aiichmeromyia luteola]. Their beds should therefore 

 be raised, or the floors of the huts soaked at intervals of from 



10 days to six weeks with a solution of 1 oz. carbolic acid in 1 gal. 

 water," Jeyes' fluid or paraffin. Under favourable conditions, pupa- 

 tion takes place two weeks after hatching. Adults may emerge in 



11 days, but, under winter conditions at Salisbury, the pupal period 

 lasts for five or six weeks. 



Experiments for the control of flesh flies attacking meat have 

 shown that flies emerged from infested meat when the latter had been 

 buried to a depth of 2 feet. Destruction by burning is therefore 

 recommended. 



The Plasmoses of CdLttle.— Rhodesia Agric. Jl., Salisbury, xii, no. 3, 

 June 1915, pp. 360-361. 



During 1914, the plasmoses of cattle continued to cause enormous 

 losses to stockowners owing to the serious shortage of bulls, the heavy 

 mortality of young animals, more especially of grade stock, and the 

 anaemia and consequent loss of size, vigour and maturity of all bovine 

 animals due directly or indirectly to these diseases. Indigenous 

 cattle are comparatively resistant to the plasmoses, while the mortality 



