166 



in sufficient quantity and kept tightly corked) is poured on the bread 

 and the sweetening is then added. For a bait pan holding about 

 one-eighth of a pint, two dessert-spoonfuls of white sugar should be 

 added ; slightly more syrup than sugar should be used. Syrup gives 

 better results with the buttermilk baits, sugar with the other baits. 

 Bait receptacles should be made of glass or some substance not easily 

 corroded, as chemicals may act on tin or zinc and prove repulsive to 

 the flies. Plenty of fresh bait should be added regularly and all old 

 bait should be thoroughlv cleaned out about once a week. 



Aldrich (J. M.). The Deer Bot-Flies (Genus Cephenomyia, Latr.). — 

 Jl. New York Entom. Soc, Lancaster, Pa., xxiii, June 1915, 

 pp. 145-150, 1 plate. 



Four species of Cephenomyia have been recorded from Europe ; 

 these are, C. auribarbis, Mg. {rufibarbis, Mg.), in the stag ; C. ulrichii, 

 Br., in the elk ; C trompe, L.. in the reindeer, and C stimulator, 

 Clark, in the roe. All these species live in their larval stages in the 

 nasal passages, on the soft palate, at the base of the tongue, or in the 

 Eustachian tubes and pharynx. They are sometimes found in large 

 numbers in the host, especially in spring, when they may cause death. 

 C. grandis has been recorded from Patagonia. In North America, 

 the larvae of C ulrichii, have been taken from the throat of an elk. 

 Other species have been found in the throat of Cervus mexicanus in 

 Mexico, in the nasal passages of man near San Bernardino, Cal., and 

 in the larynx of a mule deer at Aragon, N.M. The behaviour of the 

 flies varies ; C auribarbis does not fly far from the haunts of its host, 

 while C. stirmdator and Pharyngomi/ia pieta, Mg., are very active. 

 The deposition of the larvae has been observed in C auribarbis. Each 

 time the female approaches the nasal openings of the host, a drop of 

 fluid containing active, living larvae is deposited ; the larvae become 

 attached by their booklets and induce a violent sneezing on the part 

 of the animal attacked. Young larvae of C trompe have been found 

 attached to the hairs of the abdomen of the host. C abdominalis, 

 sp. n., is described. 



BiRT (Colonel C). Phlebotomus or Sandfly Fever.— Brit. Med. Jl, 

 London, 31st July 1915, pp. 168-169. 



After reviewing the symptoms and course of the disease, the author 

 says that the susceptibility of British troops in India to sandfly fever 

 is very high. Sometimes more than half a regiment has been attacked 

 during its first hot weather. Ninety-five per cent, of all the cases 

 occur in individuals who have resided two years or less in the endemic 

 area. A high degree of immunity is afforded by the fever and second 

 attacks occur in only 5 to 10 per cent, of the cases, though relapses 

 are sometimes caused by excessive exercise during convalescence. 

 In twenty-one experiments the bites of sandflies, which had been fed 

 seven to twelve days previously on sandfly fever patients during the 

 first day of their illness, gave rise to the disease. In Poona. Phle- 

 botomus is scarce and admissions for sandfly fever are few. In the 

 north-west of India these flies are abundant and the fever is very 

 prevalent. 



