173 



Infected animals were removed from the herds and isolated during 

 some months, and by October 1913, the herds that remained appeared 

 free from the disease, though occasional cases were detected later. 

 It is considered certain that, if tsetse-flies had been responsible for 

 infecting so many animals on the flats, some trace of their presence 

 would have been found. The transmission of the disease in these 

 cases is therefore attributed to biting flies other than Glossina. Certain 

 conditions appear to be necessary for such transmission, such as actual 

 contact or very close proximity between infected and healthy animals 

 and the presence of large numbers of biting flies. The transmission 

 is thought to be of a mechanical nature, as the author has failed to 

 transmit the disease to dogs by means of Tabanidae which, four hours 

 previously, had gorged themselves on sick cattle. Moreover, when 

 the disease was raging on the eastern side of the railway, the cattle to 

 the west, enjoyed good health, though the distance between them and 

 the infected ones was very small. 



Wrightson (W. D.). Mosquito Eradication and Prevention..— ^mer. 

 Jl. Trojp. Dis. & Prev. Med., New Orleans, ii, no. 12, June 1915, 

 pp. 738-752, 9 figs. 



At Vera Cruz, Mexico, crude oil, direct from the wells at Tampico, 

 was used for oiling with fairly satisfactory results. This Mexican 

 oil has an asphaltic base and is very thick. After apphcation with 

 knapsack sprayers, sprinkling cans, buckets, etc., it had to be spread 

 over the surface of the water with brooms. A larvicide was found 

 which obviated this costly method, and was made as follows : 150 

 U.S. gals, of crude carbolic acid, of a specific gravity not greater than 

 0-97, was heated in a tank and 200 lb. of powdered resin dissolved in it ; 

 30 lb. of caustic soda dissolved in 6 U.S. gals, of water was then added. 

 The mixture should be stirred while hot. A simple apparatus for 

 preparing this larvicide consisted of an old oil drum, about 100 bricks 

 for a furnace and a 4-foot piece of pipe for a chimney. The bricks 

 were built to form the three sides of a rectangular enclosure which 

 served both as a firebox and as a stand on which the oil drum was laid 

 horizontally above the fire. The chimney was fastened in a vertical 

 position between the closed end of the brickwork and the end of the 

 drum. A bunghole and a tap enabled the drum to be filled and emptied 

 without removing it. This apparatus cost about 20s. and could 

 produce 350 U.S. gals, of larvicide daily. 



MiTZMAiN (M. B.). An Experiment with Stomoxys calcitrans in an 

 Attempt to Transmit Filaria of Horses in the Philippines. — Amer. 

 Jl. Trop. Dis. & Prevent. Med., New Orleans, ii, no. 12, June 

 1915, p. 759-763, 1 plate. 



Two hundred newly emerged Siomoxijs were fed upon an Arab 

 stallion whose blood was teeming with microfilariae on the day of 

 feeding. The next day, 170 of them were engorged with blood con- 

 taining a moderate number of active embryos. The flies were kept 

 till the fourth day following without food, and during the five succeeding 

 weeks they wxre allowed to feed, at varying intervals, upon four 

 Filipino horses which had been used for a surra experiment that had 

 failed, no filariae having been found in their blood for two months 



