175 



out that the precise means by which the infection with this fungus is 

 carried over from one year to the next is not actually known, while 

 the difficulties of cultivating the fungus artificially are referred to. The 

 results of Bernstein's and Ramsbottom's researches have been pub- 

 lished since Dr. Hewitt's book went to press [see this Review, Ser. B, 

 iii, pp. 89 and 90]. Other species of flies frequenting houses : Fannia 

 canicularis, L., F. scalaris, F., Stomoxys calcitrans, L., the blow-flies 

 Calliphom erythrocephala, Meig., C vomitoria, L., and Lucilia caesar, L., 

 Pollenia rudis, F., and Muscina stabulans, Fall., are fully dealt with. 

 A chapter is devoted to miscellaneous flies found in houses such as 

 Musca domestica vsubsp. determinala, Walk., Musca euleniata, Big., 

 M. retustissima, Walk., the root-maggot fly (Anthomyia radicum, 

 Meig.) and the moth flies (Psychodidae). The relation of flies to 

 various diseases and the species implicated in causing myiasis and the 

 spread of intestinal worms, occupy 100 pages of the book and form a 

 very full account of the subject. One chapter is devoted to control 

 measures and the concluding one to the serious need for organised 

 action, especially in the protection of food exposed for sale. A 

 bibliography of over 600 works, mainly very recent, which the author 

 does not pretend is by any means complete, is evidence, if any were 

 needed, of the importance of the position to which the house-fly and 

 its congeners have attained in the last twenty years. 



Doty (A. H.). The Extermination of the Mosquito. — Jl. Amer. Med. 

 Assn., Chicago, Ixiv, no. 22, 29th May 1915, pp. 1836-1838. 



The mosquitos of the United States are divided into two classes : 

 the inland mosquitos, such as Stegomyia and Anopheles, and the 

 coast mosquitos, such as Culcx scllicitans, or the Atlantic Coast 

 mosquito, commonly known as the salt water swamp mosquito. 

 The breeding grounds of the inland and of the coast mosquitos 

 do not, as was formerly supposed, occur in the same places. 

 C. sollicitans breeds only on the salt marshes along the coast, 

 though it is often found inland ; the inland mosquitos only 

 breed in the interior and apparently remain near their breeding places. 

 The variety of the breeding places of the inland mosquitos clearly 

 indicates that little dependence can be placed on natural enemies or 

 other factors in the extermination of these insects, which can only be 

 effected by the destruction of their breeding places. The success of 

 the work on Staten Island, where about 10 square miles of salt water 

 swamp land was drained and freed from breeding places, furnishes 

 indisputable evidence that C. sollicitans must be dealt with in the same 

 way. Oiling is only a temporary measure and must not be accepted 

 as a substitute for the permanent destruction of the breeding places. 



Swingle (L. D.). The Eradication of the Sheep-Tick. — Univ. Wyoming 

 Agric. Expt. Sfa., Laramie.W looming. Bull. no. 105, January 1915, 

 pp. 27-47. [Received 6th September 1915. J 



■ An account of experiments made to determine the effect of certain 

 dipping fluids upon immature and adult sheep-ticks [Melojjhagns 

 ovinus] is given. Observations on the effect of Cooper's powder, 



