2G6 



of faeces or the biting of one bug by another. Attempts to infect 

 directly guineapigs and young dogs failed, but the subcutaneous or 

 intraperitoneal injection of infected faeces caused trypanosomiasis ; 

 white mice, young white rats, guineapigs, and young dogs, sheep, 

 goats, cattle and horses resisted infection. The authors were able to 

 infect bugs with Scliizotnjjpanum cruzi and to retransmit the trypano- 

 some through the faeces of such infected bugs. When bugs were fed 

 on guineapigs infected with mal de caderas, the trypanosomes 

 disappeared very rapidly from their alimentary tract. 



Mitchell (P. C). Practical Advice on the Fly Question. — Zool Soc. 

 London, August 1915. 7 pp. 

 The following measures are recommended for the control of house- 

 flies, stable-flies, blow-flies and blue-bottles. All food and drink 

 should be covered with gauze screen, muslin, etc. A poisoned bait 

 can be made from formalin and milk and water. All kitchen refuse 

 should be disinfected with crude disinfectant, using 2 oz. to a pint 

 of water. Garden refuse should be placed in wire receptacles, through 

 which the air can circulate freely. The temperature in this way is 

 kept low and the development of the larvae retarded. In municipal 

 refuse-tips, sodium arsenite can be used as an insecticide. Stable 

 manure should be stacked in heaps and covered with a layer of earth 

 mixed with green-tar oil or neutral blast-furnace oil at the rate of 

 1 gal. oil to 40 gals, earth. The ground surrounding the heap for a 

 distance of 12 inches from the base should be oiled to prevent the 

 emergence of migrating larvae. In camps, tents should be sprayed 

 with " fly-bane," a non-inflammable mineral oil. For the face, hands 

 and clothes, a fly-cream made of white-birch oil or winter-green oil 

 should be used. 



MacDougall (R. S.). Insect pests in 1914. — Trans. Highland & Agric. 



Soc. Scotland. 1915. Reprint 27 pp., 20 figs. [Received 27th 



September 1915.] 



Both Hypoderma bovis and H. lineata are present in Scotland. During 



the summer of 1914, Mr. H. G. Steven examined 190 full-grown maggots 



taken from the hides of flayed beasts near Edinburgh ; 148 proved 



to be the larvae of H. bovis, the remaining 42 those of H. lineata. 



A hide of the red deer was received by the author with several holes 



due to the warble of the deer, H. diana. Large numbers of these 



skins are more or less injured, their value to glovemakers being reduced 



by quite one-half. 



Cleland (J. B.). Researches on Plague. — Rept. of the Director-General 

 of Public Health, New South Wales, for the year 1913, Sydney, 1915 

 pp. 181-182. 

 In connection with routine measures taken for the detection of the 

 presence of plague and the prevention of its spread, 10,615 rats and 

 mice were examined during 1913. No plague was found in any of the 

 specimens. The fleas collected were : — Xenojjsylla cheopis, Ctenopsylla 

 musculi, Ceratophylhts fasciafus and Ctenocephalus felis. The first- 

 named was much the most numerous, 243 out of a total of 390 examined 

 belonging to this species. 



