213 



The house group inchides Culex pipiens, L., C. restuans, Thee, 

 Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Say, A. pundipennis, Say, and A. crucians, 

 Wied. A. quadrimaculatus is responsible for the transmission of tertian 

 and quartan malaria ; A. crucians is a carrier of the tropical aestivo- 

 autunmal type, but this rarely occurs in New Jersey. 



The most important members of the swamp group are OcJderolatus 

 (Aedes) sylvestris, Theo., and Taeniorhijnchus {CoquiUeUidia) perlHrbans. 

 The woodland group contains species breeding in woodland pools and 

 in more open places. The winter is generally passed in the egg-stage ; 

 a large brood is produced early in the season and the adult stage is 

 passed in the neighbourhood of the breeding place. Ochlerotafus (Aedes) 

 canadensis, Theo., and 0. {A.) subcantans, Felt, are the most important 

 species. The control of all species breeding in fresh water involves 

 the removal of all situations which can serve as breeding places for 

 the larvae. This can be accomplished by drainage, filling in with 

 ashes, mud or sand, stocking with fish or oiling. Woodland areas near 

 dwellings should be inspected during late March, April and early May. 

 The control of the malarial and house species demands attention from 

 the middle of May to the beginning of October. Examination of 

 standing water should take place every 10 to 14 days. In salt-marsh 

 localities, observation should be made from early spring until autumn, 

 especially after rains and high tides. 



Barber (M. A.), Raqup:l (A), CIuzman (A.) & Rosa (A. P.). Malaria 

 in the Philippines^ — Philippine Jl. Sci., Manila, x, Sec. B., no. 3, 

 May 1915, pp. 177-245, 1 fig., 10 tables, 2 plates. [Received 

 17th September 1915.] 



The object of the investigations recorded in this paper was to study 

 more widely the distribution of the commoner Anophelines of the 

 Philippine Archipelago and the distribution of endemic malaria as 

 determined by the parasite and spleen index of children of ten years 

 of age or less. The commonest species of Anopheles in the portion 

 of the Philippines covered by the survey was A. rossi. A. minimus 

 (febrifer) and A. barbirostris came next in order of abundance ; of 

 these, A. minimu,s has the more restricted habitat. A. sinensis, which 

 ranked fourth, mainly breeds in rice-fields and may occur in considerable 

 numbers under certain circumstances. A. rossii has been found in 

 very salt water, rivers, roadside puddles, rice-fields and foul water 

 containing soaking cane. A. barbirostris is commonest in fresh water 

 where aquatic plants are abundant. A. minimus has not been found 

 in brackish water and tends to avoid water in which there is decaying 

 vegetation. The general character of the soil does not seem materially 

 to aft'ect the breeding of this species ; brooks or small rivers are 

 preferred to swamps. The dift'erent seasons in the Philippines aft'ect 

 the breeding of Anopheles chiefly through diminution of breeding places 

 in the dry season and the flushing of streams during the wet season. 

 In artificial ditches of running water the amount of flow varies less 

 than in brooks, so that the breeding is less affected. 



The behaviour of mature Anophelines, especially with reference to 

 their habits of visiting houses and biting man, is important in the 

 dissemination of malaria. The avidity for human blood is shown in 



