-14 H. C. EFFLATOUN. 



"niaxillary palpi in the larva of Loncho'ptera that the organ is 

 "really the anteniia and niaxillary palpiis, which are hère quite 

 "close standing and t'used ; the papilla with the refractivc body is 

 ■the antenna, \hs other the maxillary palpus (I think this inter 

 'pretation is quite correct...) The mouth is either armed with 

 "hooks, sonietimcs ))ihd, or it has only a pharyngeal skeleton. 

 "Abovc and at the sides of the Ivody are always sonie larger spinii- 

 "les or warts; they may be very small and slightly pronounced, (1 

 "think partly dépendent on the contraction of the dcrniis) or they 

 "may be somewhat hirger or be developed into longer filaments, as 

 "in the first gronp of the species of St/rphus ; they often bear 

 "branchcd hairs or spines. they are always arranged in a certain 

 "way ; the prothoracal segment has generally some, either more or 

 "Icss niimerous spinules; on the meso— and mstathoracal segments 

 "and on the first abdominal szgrnent there is on each a transversc 

 "row of six spinules ; on the othcr segments they are placed tbus 

 "that thcrc arc two in the middlc on onc corrugation and two 

 "towardseaeh sidcon the following corrugation; when the segnients 

 "are less distinctly dividod into covrugations, the spinules or warts 

 "may be ail placed on one corrugation, but however the two latéral 

 "on each side more posteriorly than the two médian ; at the sides 

 "each segment has three spinules, generally one above and two 

 "more downwards, besides, there is generally one more ventrally. 

 "On the last segment they are also présent, but the arrangement is 

 "herc varions. The spinules or warts are, as said. always présent 

 "and the longer filaments often présent at the sides of the last 

 "segment, belong to them and always answer to them in number 

 "but when thèse segments are much elongated the arrangement is 

 "effaced; also the threads on the sides of the tail-shaped part in 

 "the larvao of the KristaUïKte, and the filaments surrounding the 

 "post/crior margin of the body in the V olucellaAdiVva. belong to the 

 "same category. Only in a single case (some VoluceUa-lavvix) 

 "there are, besides the mentioned spinules or warts, some more. 

 "Many larvae bave below pairs of pro-legs armed with spines, 

 "generally six or seven pairs. The larvae are amphipneustic with 

 "generally small anterior spiracles at the hind margin of the first 

 "thoracal segment, and with posterior spiracles on a shorter or 

 "longer posterior process on the last segment, sometimes situated 

 "at the end of a long, tail-shaped part. As the svrphids are 

 "cyclorrhaphous flies the pupa is a barrel-pupa; the larvas pupates 

 "within the skin of the last larval stage; the skin is contracted 

 "and altered in the well kncwn way and in it lies the real pupa; 

 "the pupa wit' \' i enclosing barrel or puparium is in the des- 

 "criptions simply termed the pupa. The pupa still shows the 

 "larval attributes., but the varions spinules or filaments, the prolegs 



