A Monograph o/ Egyptian Diptera. 



number of tubercles some of Wiiui. are provided with spiuules. The 

 head is usually trapézoïdal In oiitline and provided on elther slde, 

 anteriorly, with a short, two-jolnted antennal organ; the form and 

 length of the two joints are variable in the différent gênera and 

 species. Immediately below the antennae and in front of the mouth 

 hooklets the palpi are fouud; thèse are also variqble in shape. The 

 mouth parts are said to form the so-called 'pharyngeal skeleton' 

 which may easily be seen and studied on account of the transparency 

 of the téguments and its black colour. The most conspicuous struc- 

 ture is the two strong and thick mandibular hooks, which in the 

 last stage form the 'pharyngeal skeleton' ; thèse vary in shape and 

 in curvature and they bear teeth or spurs, the positions and sizes 

 of which are important. On each side of the hooks there is usually 

 a convex structure furnished with raised transverse laminae and 

 known as the oral lobes. The upper and lower pharyngeal plates 

 constitute the internai portion. The labium is situated between and 

 below the oral lobes, bearing sensoria and often difficult to distin- 

 guish. 



The larvae of some species are provided with the faculty of 

 jumping. 



Larvae living in fruits (fruit-maggots) leave their host and 

 pupate in the ground, while the pupation of those living in stems, 

 leaves or flowers takes place in those parts. 



The iniparia are of the usual barrel-shaped form but they vary 

 in colour and in the characters which the first stages of thèse flies 

 présent. I will hère give very brief descriptions after the observa- 

 tions of Bezzi, Sylvestri and my own, to show the différences which 

 are to be seen on superficial examination. Dacus longistylus Wied. 

 has an elliptical, elongate, pale umlier puparium with the segmen- 

 tations not prominent, while that of D. oleae Gmel. is whitish, thin 

 and almost opaque, also without prominent segmentations and 

 with the posterior spiracles rather approximate and yellow. The 

 puparium of Ceratitis capitata Wied. is elliptical, yellow to dark 

 testaceous in colour, with dark yellow, approximate posterior spi- 

 racles and a small and smooth anal cicatrice; when examined from 

 a dorsal or ventral side the anterior spiracles appear as two very 

 short tubercles. Carpomyia incompleta Beck. has a pale yellow, 

 hard, thick and opaque puparium; it possesses a well marked seg- 

 mentation and transverse wrinkles on the surface; the posterior 

 spiracles are rather distant and the anal cicatrice is small and 

 smooth. Urophora solstitial/s, according to Wadsworth, has a yellow 

 to dark reddish-brown puparium with wrinkles on the surface; in 

 shape it is cylindrical, obtuse or bluntly pointed at the anterior 

 end, and obliquely truncate dorso-ventrally at the posterior end; 



