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mentioned naked spot we find a somewhat prominent mouth (pl. IT, fig. 6e and fig. 6f; 
pl. ILI, fig. 2), which is supported by some chitinous lists, the two longest of which point 
straight forward, are as long as, or somewhat longer than, the diameter of the mouth and 
enclose the anterior half of the naked spot. Of mouth-appendages we only see the well- 
developed mandibles, the points of which project in the orifice of the mouth; the hairs round 
the mouth-border are apparently wanting (but perhaps the magnifying power of my micro- 
scope does not suffice to discover them). Outside the anterior half of the mouth, and beneath 
the naked area in front of it, several muscles are seen, which evidently serve the action of 
the mouth. The pupz of the same species show great difference of size. In Spher. chinensis 
a small pupa is 146 mm., a large one -24 mm. in length, and both are illustrated in pl. II, 
fig. Ge and fig.6d magnified on the same scale. But I have found a much greater difference 
in Spher. danica, of which species I have seen nine pup: the smallest (pl. II, fig. 4d) is 
only ‘115 mm. long and ‘O85 mm. broad, an other (fig. 4c) is 185 mm. long, and the largest 
is 25 mm. long and 194 mm. broad, thus somewhat more than double the length and 
double the breadth of the smallest specimen. In the small pupe TI have not been able to find 
the vestige of any organ, and their contents — except the muscles of the mouth — consisted 
of a granular substance. Salensky writes (op. cit. p. 317): »Weder innere Organe, noch 
selbst irgend welche Formelemente liessen sich im Innern wahrnehmen; doch kénnte méglicher 
Weise der Darmkanal vorhanden sein und nur durch die zahlveichen Kérnchen verdunkelt 
werden« —,; later, on p. 318, he describes the mouth, but he has seen neither the man- 
dibles nor the muscles, nor has he been aware that he had a mouth before him, and he 
concludes his statement about his youngest specimen, which is ‘12 mm. long, in the following 
words: »Das Wachsthum geht in dieser Periode sehr rasch vor sich«. his last observation 
I consider to be correct, and as it appears from the above-stated measurements, that the 
pupa during its development grows to a manifold larger volume, 7/ 7s clear that it must take 
nourishment through its mouth, of which we have given a description, but it must be left to 
new examinations of fresh material to explain how this is effected, if there really exists an 
intestinal tube — which we must naturally suppose — but the contents of young and half- 
grown pup preserved in alcohol have made the impression on me of being evenly granulous, 
without organs. In the above-mentioned largest (-24 mm. long) pupa of Spher. chinensis 
(pl. I, fig. 6b) and in the largest (25 mm. long) pupa of Spher. danica I found young 
females, and Salensky writes (p. 319): »Das letzte von mir gesehene Stadium zeigte das 
unter der Puppenhaut schon vollkommen ausgebildete Thier mit allen Anhiingen. Die Puppe 
hat eine Liinge von 0,27 Mm. erreicht....; an ihrer Oberfliiche sind keine Verinderungen 
sichtbar«; whereupon he describes the animal, though without mentioning that it is a female, 
however, this is easily seen from his illustration. My specimen of Spher. chinensis (pl. II, 
fig. 6 f) shows antennulee, mouth, maxilla, maxillipeds, the two pairs of trunk-legs, the not 
yet fully developed genital apertures and the caudal stylets, which are seen through the 
hairy skin. It is seen that the mouth of the young female is situated far more to the front 
8 
