60 
than that of the pupa, and is much larger. The largest pupa of Spher. danica agreed 
entirely whith fig. 6f, except in one remarkable point: the mouth of the female projected 
freely through the skin of the pupa (though I was unable to discover any rent or larger 
opening in the skin), thus presenting the extraordinary sight of two mouths protruding 
beyond the ventral surface of the pupa; the mouth of the female is situated a little behind 
the front extremity, that of the pupa nearly in the middle of the surface; the diameter of 
the latter in proportion to that of the former being as seven to ten. — Fig. 2¢ in pl. IL 
illustrates such a young female belonging to Spher. antillensis, which has rent and thrown 
off about the front third of the skin of the pupa, whereas the hindmost part of the body is 
still enclosed in the larger posterior part of the skin, including the mouth of the pupa, and 
as the same animal is illustrated in fig. 2a magnified on the same scale as the ovisac 
exhibited in fig. 2b,a comparison of these two figures will show clearly, how much the 
animal grows from its stage as an egg up to the moment when it comes out of the pupa. 
But what about the male? The animal which Salensky found in its earliest stage 
as pupa, and of which he has had several specimens, according to his description and 
illustration is only the female, and of the pupz I have seen, the smaller ones contained no 
animals, and the very large ones contained females. As mentioned above, a pupa containing 
a female of Spher. danica is *25 mm. long, but a male which, judging from its appearance, 
seemed to be recently hatched, was only -15 mm. long, whereas a full-grown male of the 
same species was ‘24 mm. in length. So we notice here the same growth of the young 
male as mentioned above in Spher. paradoxva, but at the same time we find that the full- 
grown male is somewhat smaller, and the recently hatched male only a little more than 
half as long as the large pupa (25 mm.). As the small pupze examined by Salensky and 
by myself never contained any animal, if is very probable that the male of this species, as 
well as that of Spher. paradoxa, is developed directly from the larva, and the size of the 
recently hatched male agrees perfectly with this supposition. Unfortunately, of all my eight 
species of this group I have only seen very few larvee, however, the contents of a single 
specimen of these seemed to indicate that a male, not a pupa, was developing in it, still its 
erowth was not sufficiently advanced to decide the question with absolute certainty. 
Of Spher. longipes I have found a single specimen of a pupa (pl. VII, fig. 2 g), 
which essentially coincides with those belonging to the group Spher. Leuckartii. This pupa 
is ab. ‘17mm. long and -11 mm. broad, rather elongate, as we see; the lateral margins run 
almost parallel in part of their length, the front extremity is somewhat pointed and has a 
small orifice, out of which a short broken thread is protruding. The pupa is quite naked 
and possesses in the centre of its ventral surface a small, but well developed, projecting 
mouth, at the front and at the sides of which some chitinous lists and muscles are noticed. 
Its contents consist of a granular substance, in which no organs are indicated; only towards 
the front extremity we see — as shown in the illustration — some vague indications of an 
organic structure. 
