62 PIERIS NAPI. 



Fontia Nnpi, Duncan, Nat. Lib. Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 121, t. 9, (1835j. 



Tacliyptera Aapi, Berye, Sclinietterlingsbucli, p. 94, t. 30, f. 4, (1842). 



Fieris Venosa , 8cudda\ Yvoc. Best. Nat. Hist. Soc, VIII, p. 182, (1861). Jform, Synopsis, 



].. ;]20. (1802). Weidemeyer, Proo. Ent. Soo., Phila., Vol. II, p. 151, (1863).-' Kirby, 



Cat. Diurnal Lcp., p. 454, (1871 ). Edwards, Syn. N. Am. Lcp., p. 4, (1872). 

 Pierin Nanhtrlii, Jioisilural. Lop. t'al., p. 38, (1809). 

 Var. Bryoni.t-;, (Vli.-enlicinior, {Papilio B.) Scliniott., Eur. I, 2, p. 151, (1808). Fieris B., 



Godart, Euc. Moth., Vol. IX, p. 162, (1819). Staudinfjer, Cat. Lcp. Enr. I, p. 3, 



(1871). A'lVft?/, Cat. Diurnal Lep., p. 453, (1871). 

 Fapilio Napi, Esjicr, Sclnnett., I, 2, t. 64, (1743). Huhner, Enr. Sclimett., \'ul. I, f. 407, 



(1798-1803). 

 Var. Sabellic.k, Stephens, (Pontia 8.) 111. Brit. Ent. Haust, 1, j). 21, t. 3, (1827). Duncan, 



Nat. Lib. Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 123, t. 8, f. 3, (1835). Fierw S., Kirby, Cat. Diurnal 



Lep., ]). 453, (1871). 

 Var. NAPAK.K, Esper, (PapiHo N.) Schniett., I, 2, t. 116, f. 5, (1800). Hubner, Eur. Schmett., 



Vol. I, f 6G4, 665, (1803-1818). Pontia N., Duncan, Nat. Lib. Ent., Vol. Ill, p. 



122,(1835). PieriK N., Staudinger, Cat. Lep. Eur. I, p. 3, (1871). Kirby, Cat. 



Diurnal Lep., p. 453, (1871). 

 Var. Pallida, Seudder, Proe. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soe., VIII, p. 183, (1861). Morris, Syuop.sis, 



p. 321, (1862). Weidemeyer, Frm: Ent. Soe., Phila., Vol. II, p. 151, (1863). Kirby, 



Cat. Diurnal Lep., p. 455, (1871). Edwards, Syn. N. Am. Lep., p. 5, (1872). 

 Fieris Ibrridis, Boisduval, Lep. Cal., p. 39, (1869). 

 Fieris Castoria, Rcakirt, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phila., p. 238, (1866). Kirby, Cat. Diurnal Lep,, 



p. 464, (1871). Edwards, Syn. N. Am. Lep., p. 4, (1872). 

 Fieris Resedir, Boisduval, Lep. Cal., p. 39, (1869). 



PLATE VIII, FIG 2, PIERI.S VEXOSA, Snulder, ^.3, $, 



FIG. 4, PIElilS PALLIDA, Seudder, (P. Oaaloria, lieakirl,) r^. .5, ?. 



I present the figs. 2 — 5 to my friends, the Lepidopterists that they may for themselves judge whether the 

 insects represented should occupy positions as distinct species, or whether thev be, as I firmly believe, only 

 forms of P. Napi. 



Figs. 4 and 5 have been drawn from Reakirt's original types of P. Castoria, which Mr. Seudder informs 

 me is identical with his P. Pallida,* the description of which appeared five years previous to Mr. Reakirt's. 



In the obsolescence of the dark scales, which in orfTinary forms define the neureation on the under surface 

 of P. Napi, it approaches closely the var. Napaete, in fact the only difference observal)lc is the absence of the 

 two black spots on under sid<' of jn-imarics, but this is nut a specific distinction as one-third of my European 

 exam]il(<s are also destitute of those spots on under surface, and in some examples on upper surtiico also. 

 \ Moreover the absence or presence of these s|)ors is not a peculiarity confined particularly to this species (Napi), 



for in the common form of P. Rapie these spots are in some instances almo.st ob.solete, and in others entirely 

 wanting; in the var. Ergane, found in Dalmatia and Turkey, they do not occur at all, and in the var. 

 Mannii are quite indistinct and often entirely absent. 



In fact, there is no more diflerence between P. Pallida (Castoria) and the typical P. Napi, than between 

 the latter and some of its I^uropean and Asiatic varieties and aberrant forms, and the more I have studied the 

 many examples at my command the more am I convinced that P. Pallida is but a form of P. Napi. 



P. Venosa can scarcely be considered even as a variety ; it resembles the ordinary P. Napi to such a 

 degree that we are forced to believe in their identity. 



I have a ? from Japan in nowise (littering from the California examples. 



May not, perhaps, P. Venosa and P. Pallida be the spring and summer generation, thus accounting for 

 the depth of markings in the former, as is the case with P. Napi and Napaea^, P. Vernalis and P. Protodice, 

 Paj). Ajax and Pap. Marcellus, Van. Levana and Van. Pror.sa, &c. Our California friends can best tell us 

 if such be the case, or whether they both emerge from the chrysalis at the same season of the year. 



But neither form is by any means constant ; I have them from the almost immaculate examples of 

 P. Pallida, in regular gradations, to the heaviest marked P. Venosa, and where the one ceases and the other 



*In siicikiiif; of P. Pallid.i imd P. Maifiinalis, I always do so with thi' undcrstandinf; that the former is the same as P. C.istoria, and 

 the latter as P. Yreka, whii-h Mr. Si-iuhler inroriiied mo was the case, after inspectiiii; tlie ty])es of the two latter; I have not seen 

 Mr. .Sciidder's tvpes of either P. Pallida or P. Marginalis, therefore 1 make this e.xplanation, although I have implicit reliance on 

 Mr. Scudder's ac(|uaiiilanee with his own species, and write accordingly. 



