24 
this fund. This result was hastened, and Mr. Koebele’s sub- 
sequent labors were aided by the fact that the Commissioner- 
General of the United States to the Exposition was a Cali- 
fornia man, Mr. Frank McCoppin, and his recommendation, 
joined to that of Professor Riley, decided the Secretary of 
State in favor of the movement. In order to partially com- 
pensate the Exposition authorities for this expenditure, another 
assistant in the Division of Entomology, Professor F. M. Web- 
ster was sent out to make a special report to the commission 
on the agricultural features of the Exposition. Mr. Koebele, 
who sailed from San Francisco August 25, 1888, was thor- 
oughly familiar with all the phases of the investigation of the 
cottony cushion scale, and had for some time been stationed 
in California working for the Department of Agriculture. His 
salary was continued by the department and his expenses only 
were paid by the Melbourne Exposition fund. He made sev- 
eral shipments of the Lestophonus parasite to the station of 
the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture 
at Los Angeles, where, under the charge of Mr. D. W. Coquil- 
lett, a tent had been erected over a tree abundantly infested 
with the scale insect; but it was soon found that the Les- 
tophonus was not an effective parasite. 
On October 15, Mr. Koebele found the famous ladybird 
(Vedalia) Novius cardinalis in North Adelaide, and at once 
came to the conclusion that this insect would prove effective 
if introduced into the United States. His first shipments were 
small, but others continued from that date until January, 1889, 
when he sailed for New Zealand and made further investiga- 
tions. Carrying with him large supplies of Vedalia cardinalis, 
the effective ladybird enemy, he arrived in San Francisco on 
March 18, and on March 20, they were liberated under the 
tent at Los Angeles, where previous specimens which had 
survived the voyage by mail had also been placed. 
The ladybird larvae attacked the first scale insect they met 
upon being liberated from the packing cages. Twenty-eight 
specimens had been received on November 30 by Mr. Coquil- 
lett, 44 on December 29, 57 on January 24, and on April 12 
the sending out of colonies was begun, so rapid had been the 
breeding of the specimens received alive from Australia. By 
J oe - 
ic le Ae re el 
