25 
June 12 nearly 11,000 specimens had been sent out to 208 
different orchardists, and in nearly every case the colonizing 
cf the insect proved successful. In the original orchard practi- 
cally all of the scale insects were killed before August, 1889, 
and, in his annual report for that year, submitted Decem- 
ber 31, Professor Riley reported that the cottony cushion scale 
was practically no longer a factor to be considered in the culti- 
vation of oranges and lemons in California. The following 
season this statement was fully justified, and since that time 
the cottony cushion scale, or white scale, or fluted scale, as 
it is called, has no longer been a factor in California horti- 
culture. Rarely it begins to increase in numbers at some given 
point, but the Australian ladybirds are always kept breeding 
at the headquarters of the State Board of Horticulture at 
Sacramento, and such outbreaks are speedily reduced. In fact, 
it has been difficult for the State horticultural authorities to 
keep a sufficient supply of scale insect food alive for the con- 
tinued breeding of the ladybirds.” 
* *K *K K 
Other Introductions by Koebele Into California 
“Mr. Koebele took a second trip to Australia, New Zealand, 
and the Fiji Islands while still an agent of the Department 
of Agriculture, but at the expense of the California State 
Soard of Horticulture, and in 1893 he resigned from the 
United States Department of Agriculture and was employed 
by the State Board of Horticulture of California for still 
another trip to Australia and other Pacific Islands. He sent 
home a large number of beneficial insects, nearly all of them, 
however, coccinellids. Several of these species were estab- 
lished in California, and are still living in different parts of 
the State. The overwhelming success of the importation of 
Novius cardinalis was not repeated, but one of the insects 
brought over at that time, namely, the ladybird beetle Rhizobius 
ventralis Er., an enemy of the so-called black scale (Saissetia 
cleae Bern.), was colonized in various parts of California, and 
in districts where the climatic conditions proved favorable its 
work was very satisfactory, notably in the olive plantations 
of Mr. Elwood Cooper, near Santa Barbara. Hundreds of 
