21 
terous larva (Omuodes blackburni Butl.), which had severely 
attacked banana and palm trees. 
Koebele’s travels from 1894 to 1896 were through Australia, 
China, Ceylon, and Japan. In 1899 he left for Australia and 
the Fiji Islands, and sent many ladybirds and parasites to 
Hawaii, especially to attack the scale Ceroplastes rubens Mask. 
The Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, an organization 
which was responsible for Koebele’s appointment, subsequently 
employed Mr. R. C. L. Perkins, Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy, Mr. 
BW. Terry, Mr. O. H. Swezey, and Mr. F. Muir. By the 
close of 1902, sugar planters were especially anxious concern- 
ing the damage of an injurious leafhopper on the sugar cane, 
Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk. This insect had been acciden- 
tally introduced from Australia about 1897, had increased 
rapidly, and by 1902 had become a serious pest. Koebele had 
made an effort to introduce parasites of leafhoppers from the 
United States into Hawaii, with unsatisfactory results and con- 
sequently in the spring of 1904 Koebele and Perkins visited 
Australia and collected all possible parasites of different leaf- 
hoppers. Altogether they succeeded in finding more than one 
hundred species. Of these the following hymenopterous para- 
sites are said to have become acclimated in Hawaii: Anagrus 
(two species), Paranagrus optabilis Perk. and P. perforator 
Perk. and Ootetrastichus beatus Perk. These species are all 
parasitic upon the eggs of the leafhopper. By the end of 
1906 observation upon a certain plantation indicated the de- 
struction of 86.3 per cent of the eggs by these parasites. In 
addition to these egg parasites certain Dryimid parasites of 
hatched leafhoppers have apparently become established, namely, 
Haplogonatopus vitiensis Perk. Pseudogonatopus (two species), 
and Echthrodelphax fairchildu Perk. Three predatory beetles, 
namely, ’erania frenata Erichs., V’. lineola Fab., and Callineda 
testudinaria Muls., were also distributed in large numbers. 
The practical results of these importations seem to have 
been excellent. There seems to be no doubt that the parasites 
have been the controlling factor in the reduction of the leaf- 
hoppers. 
The good work in Hawaii is still continuing. Koebele is 
now oy a visit to Europe to import the possible parasites of 
