44 
tures indicated above, I found that they could readily be put 
into four main assemblies or groups. Three of these would 
include only males and the fourth only females. The three 
male types are sufficiently distinctive to be listed as varieties. 
The female type is fairly constant, the males less so, some 
being intermediates between two or more of the dominant types. 
The members of the first group, I would in general charac- 
terize as being quite large and robust and with sides some- 
what parallel; the head with moderately well developed and 
toothed mandibles, the clypeus bi-emarginate in front, and 
with the sides almost parallel and with the canthus but moder- 
ately developed and not or but slightly impinging upon the 
eye, fig. 3; a prothorax, large and with sides almost straight; 
the fore tibia large and multidentate on the outer margin; 
the middle and hind tibia each with a well developed and acute 
tooth near the middle, the scutellum of the normal type, fig. 1; 
and the submentum of the trapezoidal type, fig. 6. Two of 
the specimens before me are of this type, both collected by 
Mr. Kusche near the Waialae river, Kauai, and now belong- 
ing’ to Mr. Giffard. <Apterocyclus waterhouset Sharp would 
also belong here. The elytra in this last are spinous at the 
sutural apex and the anterior margin of the clypeus somewhat 
. truncate according to the illustration, but these are divergent 
and individual characters and of less value than are the charac- 
ters which associate it with the others. The individuals of 
this group I would consider as most generalized and closest to 
the ancestral stock. The large size, more parallel form, smooth 
mahogany colored surface, and many toothed anterior tibiae, 
show that they have departed the least from their progenitors. 
The possession of wings and labrum and the general develop- 
ment which wings would require would make them almost 
typical species of Dorcus. 
The second group, I would consider as including the speci- 
mens approximating the type of the genus, Apterocyclus hono- 
luluensis Water., or like the one outlined in fig. 1. These 
would in general have moderately developed and toothed man- 
dibles, the clypeus with a truncate or straight anterior margin, 
the head with the sides somewhat rounded though slightly 
angulated because of the development of the canthus, which 
