205 
PAPERS PRESENTED DURING 1922. 
On the Classification of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). 
BY F. MUIR. 
(Presented at the meeting of April 6, 1922. 
INTRODUCTION. 
Stal has been justly styled the Father of Hemipterology, and 
the fourth volume of his Hemiptera Africana (1866) is still the 
foundation of the classification of Homoptera. Although the 
number of genera has increased greatly since then, yet the char- 
acters he employed in his classification of the fulgorids hold 
good for most cases today. The trouble has been that workers 
have disregarded his characters and placed genera in families 
where they should not be, and so they have broken down the 
family characters. 
A contemporary of Stal’s, F. X. Fieber, also laid us under 
a deep debt by his work. Although he based his work mainly 
on European species, it holds good today. In many ways he 
was more modern than Stal, especially in his specific work. His 
recognition of the value of the male genitalia for specific dis- 
tinction placed the Delphacidae of Europe in a condition that no 
other method could have done. If we follow his lead and extend 
his work it will be to the advantage of Homopterology. 
Another worker to whom we owe a debt of gratitude for the 
elucidation of the relationship of the families of Auchenorhyn- 
chous Homoptera is H. J. Hansen. His work? has shown the 
morphological distinctions between the different groups and has 
placed these divisions on a safe foundation. That I do not agree 
with him, in regarding the fulgorids as consisting of a single 
family, in no way implies that I do not appreciate or recognize 
his good work. His paper should be in the hands of every 
student of Homoptera. 
Melichar has compiled monographs of seven of the families 

Proce. Haw. Ent. Soe., V, No. 2, September, 1923. 

1 Entomologisk Tidskrift XI (1890), pp. 19-76, Pls. I, II. Partly trans- 
lated by Kirkaldy, The Entomologist, April, 1900, p. 116, et seq. I have not 
used all of Hansen’s characters and must refer the reader to his work. 
