bo 
ZAP 
The only one of these characters that will stand is the three- 
jointed tarsi. The antennae are never minute or setiform, and 
in many species the first and second segments are large, very 
conspicuous, and in some cases of peculiar shape. The arista or 
flagellum is thin, in some cases distinctly jointed, in others in- 
distinctly or not jointed. The prothorax is sometimes small and 
not at all conspicuous. 
Orders and suborders founded upon such trivial characters 
cannot take the same status as orders such as Coleoptera, Dip- 
tera, or Hymenoptera. It is, therefore, to be regretted that they 
are given ordinal or subordinal rank. 
Some writers have derived the Psyllidae from a Psocid-like 
ancestor, and so, naturally, we must consider all the other 
Homoptera and Heteroptera as derived from the Psyllidae. In 
my opinion this is a reverse of the true order. 
AUCHENORHYNCHI. 
This group is divided into two superfamilies, the Cicadoidea 
and the Fulgoroidea, upon a number of important characters. 
The small family Tettigometridae is of great interest, as it has 
a number of characters belonging to both groups. 
Three ocelli are found in one family of the Cicadoidea, the 
Cicadidae, and also in the majority of one family of the Ful- 
goroidea, the Cixiidae. The latter fact is often lost sight of by 
systematists and phylogenists when discussing the Homoptera. 
In the Cicadoidea the antennae have only a few sense-organs 
situated on the flagellum; in the Fulgoroidea they are numerous 
and generally of a complex nature, and mostly situated upon the 
second segment. 
In the Fulgoroidea the middle coxae are articulated consider- 
ably apart and have considerable range of movement; this is 
similar to the condition of the front legs of most insects and of 
all the legs in such primitive insects as Machilis. In the Cica- 
doidea the middle coxae are much nearer together and their 
movements very limited, which we must consider as a specializa- 
tion. In the Cicadoidea the hind coxae are mobile; in the Cica- 
didae and Cercopidae they are small and do not reach the lateral 
margins of the thorax, whereas in the Membracidae and Cica- 
dellidae they are wide and reach the lateral margins of the 
