217 
as Sisyra flavicornis, Polystaechotes punctatus, Chauliodes pecti- 
cornis, Hemerobius humuli, and Sialis infumaia, to name but a 
few. There is neither evidence of, nor necessity for, the cross- 
ing over of Al to the Cu system. [| have stated’ that in the 
Delphacidae the suture was formed by the fourth cubital and 
first anal. This is incorrect, as it is formed solely by the pos- 
terior branch of the cubitus, as in all Homoptera, the first and 
second anal forming the Y veins of the clavus. In some ful- 
gorids, i. e., some Fulgoridae, the third anal is present. 
The absence of a distinct, free Rl in the adult tegmen is 
characteristic of most of the living Auchenorhynchous Homop- 
tera, but it is found in the Mesozoic Cicadid Mesogereon ‘Till- 
yard. The R1 trachea has been found in the early nymphal 
stages of Cicadidae and Membracidae, and it is probable that it 
will be found in the early .nymphal stages of some of the 
Cixiidae. 
The amalgamation of the bases of M and Cu appears to be 
characteristic of all recent Cercopidae and so cannot represent 
a primitive type, even in those forms in which Sc is normal. 
The venation of the Cicadellidae and Membracidae is too spe- 
cialized to represent a primitive condition, and so is that of the 
Sternorhynchi. 
I consider that the most normal and primitive type of vena- 
tion of recent Homoptera is to be found among the Cixiidae. 
Here we find Sc, R, M, and Cu all arising from the basal cell 
and M with four normal branches. The genus Andes Stal has 
a venation of this type. The tegmina are steeply tectiform, the 
Ovipositor is complete, and there is a median ocellus. But it has 
a typical fulgorid head. - 
In most Fulgoroidea the Y vein is present, but in some it is 
not; in the Cicadoidea it is never distinctly present. When not 
present in fulgorids they can be distinguished from Cicadoidea 
by the two claval veins passing out of the end of the clavus and 
not entering the hind margin before the apex of clavus, as they 
do in most Cicadoidea. 
The interesting Mesozoic fossil genus /psvicia Tillyard has 
a Y vein, but otherwise it might be placed among some of the 
existing Cercopidae. I consider that it is closely related to the 
1 Muir, Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc., II (1913), p. 269, Pl. 6, figs. 1, 2. 
