_—— 
2? 
tion of the genae) on which both the lateral ocelli and the 
antennae are situated; the lateral ocelli are present on the frons; 
the antennae are situated nearer together than the eyes and not 
distinctly beneath them; the lorae are plainly visible in full view 
and form a curve with the clypeal region; the middle coxae 
allow of very little movement in a transverse direction and, in 
some species, the male genitalia have the genital plates (g 1) 
well developed and free. 
The fulgoroidean characters are as follows: The second seg- 
ment of the antenna is large and bears large and comparatively 
complex sense-organs; tegulae are present and well developed: 
the posterior coxae are fixed; the spiracles are on the lateral 
areas of the abdomen; the empodium is free for the greater 
portion of its length, and its apex is not deeply emarginate; the 
tegmina have a Y claval vein. 
The tegmina are small, convex, coriaceous and have a resem- 
blance to the tegmen of Cercopidae. The subcosta and radius 
are joined to beyond the middle, the claval veins form a Y, and 
there are irregular cross-veins in the apical area. 
In Hilda breviceps (fig. 2) the genital plates (g 1) are amal- 
gamated to the pygofer, but are recognizable; the periandrium 
is semibulbous, large, and in contact with the base of the anal 
segment, which is very short; the penis is short and tubular, the 
apodeme of the penis is large. In Tettigometra sp. (fig. 1) the 
genital plates are large and free; the periandrium forms a large 
ring which touches the base of the anal segment; the penis is 
long, angular in middle, and has a large membraneous “‘sac’’ at 
apex ; the anal segment is large. 
With the exception of the female external genitalia, which 
are abortive, and the venation, all the characters of this family 
are primitive. Whether it represents the direct line of evolu- 
tion from the precicadoidean type to the fulgoroidean, or 
whether it only represents an offshoot from the lower stem, it 
is difficult to say. But its cicadellian characters and the fact that 
the Cicadellidae have no intestinal filter, support the idea that 
the primitive cicadellian type was the starting point of the split- 
ting of the group into two, and that the Cicadellidae are the 
more direct descendants from the primitive type, but do not now 
