222 
contain all the primitive characters, and are highly specialized 
in certain directions. 
It is interesting to note that the two types of male genitalia 
found in the Cixiidae are represented in the Tettigometridae by 
generalized forms, and so may go back beyond the Cixiidae. 
Ll. (CixmpAEr, 
Cixoides Spinola (1839), Soc. Ent. Fra., VIII, p. 202; type Cixius 
katrerlle (1804), ist..Nat. Crus.Ins., X11, p: 310, 
This family contains from, ninety to one hundred genera. 
Except in a limited manner in faunistic works, it has not been 
revised since 1866, when Stal tabulated thirteen genera. From a 
point of view of morphology and phylogeny it is of great 
interest, as from it, according to my views, the other families 
of the Fulgoroidea, with the exception of Tettigometridae, have 
most likely evolved. ! 
The chief characteristic of most of the Cixiidae, but not all, 
is the presence of a third ocellus. Apart from this, the absence 
of certain characters separates them from other families. The 
tegmina have no costal area, or only a small one at the base, and 
then it has no transverse veins. The claval vein runs into the 
hind margin of the clavus or, in a few cases, into the suture 
near the apex; the clavus is closed. There is no mobile spur on 
the hind tibia. The apical segment of labium is distinctly longer 
than wide, generally of considerable length. When no median 
ocellus is present the clypeus is often destitute of lateral carinae. 
The frons never has more than three carinae, viz., the median 
and lateral. 
At present I divide the family into two subfamilies, one of 
which can be divided into two tribes. 
iy (Oy Clenne) aiGhi capa eyes me bekae Foo cH eas G0 516 ne edeloudd 64 5'00 Cixiinae 
2. (3) No subantennal process and antennae not sunk into pits...Cixiini 
5. (2) Subantennal process present or antennae sunk into pits. 
Bothriocerini 
A) u@lavusmonamullateya stir. sterol sn ts lavas ctitssue Renee Meenoplinae 
In many of the genera of the Cixiini the ovipositor is com- 
plete; in these cases the abdomen is generally considerably flat- 
tened laterally, the tegmina steeply or fairly tectiform, the 
pygofer longer than wide, with a depression down the middle 
