227 
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rudiments ; in others the gonapophyses are fairly well developed, 
but never coadapted or developed for cutting, so that the eggs 
are most likely all laid on the surface. 
The family is recognized by the very short joint of the labium, 
except in a very few cases, together with the absence of other 
characters. The male genitalia are also quite distinctive. There 
is great diversity of form within the family; the head in several 
genera is more bizarre than in any other family of fulgorids, 
and the tegmina and wings run from quite normal cixiid-like 
forms to long, narrow tegmina and wings reduced to mere 
stumps and used as stridulating organs. There is no costal area 
except in a few forms, and then it is at the base and has no 
cross-veins. Many species have the claval area granulate. 
I divide the family into two subfamilies and six tribes. 
1. (4) Tegmina long and narrow. Wings very small or not more than 
half the length of the tegmina, narrow, the costal and pos- 
terior margins subparallel or converging to a pointed apex, the 
cubital and claval areas greatly reduced, with the claval veins 
missing or reduced, the posterior basal area large, corrugated 
and used as a stridulating organ................. Zoraidinae 
2. (3) Eyes in front not reaching to base of elypeus, subcostal cell 
lonosSomeumes, «very MArrOw-)...). --. deco «= re ove es Zoraidint 
3. (2) Eyes in front, reaching to the base of the clypeus; subcostal cell 
very short or absent; female genital styles abortive. .Sikaianini 
4. (1) Tegmina not long and narrow; wings nearly always more than 
half the length of tegmina, the anal area large and the cubital 
and anal veins normally developed................. Derbinae 
. (10) Claval cell closed or only narrowly open for a short distance, the 
extended claval vein not joining cubitus and not forming part 
of a contiguous series of submarginal cross-veins; cubitus gen- 
erally proceeding straight to hind margin. 
oO 
6. (7) Cubitus apparently with four or more veins, reaching to the hind 
TUE OU areca ae A eee eM Pm ee he aie acer eetass Contra eae « Derbini 
7. (6) Cubitus with léss than four veins reaching to the hind margin. 
8. (9) Cubitus simple or fureate, reaching the hind margin direct, not 
running into the basal median seetor.............. Cenchreini 
= 
(8) Cubitus connected with the basal median sector, forming an 
angular or quadrate cell; sometimes with a ecross-vein near the 
base of the basal median sector, forming a triangular cell; 
Toes Ser ED ERR TSB rats dye oS 5a cer we Pieieve On siaaie we G-i day Rhotanini 
10. (5) Clavus open, the cubital veins bent and touching and, together 
with the extended claval, forming part of the submarginal row 
BER MpIcaly Grassvernig tier wt C)2o'¢ wits Soros b'shn ae plows. Otiocerini 
