verse veins. The Sc is free to the basal cell in some genera, 
the bases of R and M are generally joined together for a short 
distance. The clavus is open, the suture (Cu2) continues as an 
independent vein and is often branched and enters the apical 
margin. The first and second claval veins form a Y and often 
continues as a free, branched vein to the apical margin; the 
third claval (An3) is sometimes present as a free vein in the 
apical portion of the clavus. 
The lateral margins of the frons are generally straight, or if 
they are angular then the frons is longer than wide. 
The female ovipositor is incomplete and is often abortive. 
The eggs are laid on the surface, in some cases in double rows, 
and covered with wax. The aedeagus is very similar to that 
found in the Dictyopharidae. The periandrium is large, funnel- 
shape, and membraneous, the penis short and produced into two 
slender processes (fig. 16). The penis is sometimes greatly 
reduced. 
IX. EuryBRACHIDAE. 
Eurybrachydida Stal (1866), Hem. Afr., IV, p. 129; type Eurybrachys 
Guer. (1834) Voy. Belang. Ind. Orient, p. 475. 
This small family of some two dozen genera is a fairly diffi- 
cult one to place. In certain characters it approaches the Ful- 
goridae, in others the Achilidae. 
The female has an incomplete ovipositor. The male genitalia 
are complex and at present not fully understood. In Gelasiopsis 
imsignis Kirk. (fig. 24) the male pygofer is simple and the 
genital styles large but normal. The aedeagus is unique, so far 
as my knowledge extends; it forms a short tube flattened hori- 
zontally, on each side arises a large, strong spine-like process, 
dorsally and ventrally there is a semi-membraneous flap. In 
Olonia picea Kirk. (fig. 12) there is a large plate attached to 
the ventral margin of the pygofer produced posteriorly into two 
curved spines; this may represent a development of g 1. The 
genital styles are large and complex; the aedeagus is peculiar 
and consists of a membraneous area in which the genital open- 
ing is situated, with three pairs of sclerites, the basal pair being 
the largest, triangular and projecting as two large, broad spines ; 
internally there is a membraneous tube to which the apodeme is 
