271 
Parker identified this species for Mr. Timberlake early in 1919. 
I sent a lot of Sarcophagids from North Queensland to Parker, 
February 9, 1918, and he also found this species among them. 
Even in the semi-liquid manure, the larvae appeared perfectly 
happy; yet, when full fed, they died if they were unable to 
migrate to a fairly dry situation. 
2. Musca domestica Linn., the house-fly. 
3. Stomoxys calcitrans Linn., the stable-fly. 
4. Ophyra nigra Wied.—These shining black Anthomyids 
also appear to be closely associated with man in the tropics, 
for they are widely distributed. They are very abundant in 
Queensland, principally as carrion feeders; and are regarded as 
one of the sheep blow-flies. 
The larvae have a characteristic smooth, shiny appearance, 
and the caudal spiracles are particularly small and brown in 
color. Unlike the house-fly and stable-fly, the larvae of this 
species were found to pupate right in the excessively moist 
manure, from which they were able to emerge successfully. 
Mr. Frederick Knab of the United States Museum deter- 
mined specimens for Mr. Swezey, early in 1916; and also deter- 
mined a lot which I sent from the College of Hawaii about the 
same time. Later (March 22, 1918) Dr. Aldrich found that 
specimens, which were bred and collected in North Queens- 
land, also belonged to this species. Described from China, and 
being widely distributed in the Orient, introduction to Hawaii 
was evidently through shipping. The earliest reference to the 
species here is probably that in the Fauna Hawaiiensis, where 
two females taken during 1893 and 1894 are placed in the genus 
Hydrotaea Desv. The earliest specimens that we find in collec- 
tions here are dated Hawaii, February 28, 1905, taken by Terry. 
5. Fannia pusio Wied.—The larvae of this smaller, omniv- 
orous Anthomyid also swarmed in the semi-liquid manure; yet, 
like the Sarcophagid, I found that it was necessary for them to 
get a fairly dry place to pupate, in order to emerge successfully. 
6. Milichiella lacteipennis Loew.— This tiny Agromyzid 
occurred in great swarms, with three other undetermined spe- 
cies, about the tins of manure. All three species were later bred 
out from the mass. 
