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Records of Introduction of Beneficial Insects into the 
Hawaiian Islands. 
BY OF GL SWEZEY: 
(Presented at the meeting of November 2, 1922.) 
Apparently the first beneficial insect purposely introduced into 
Hawaii was the lady beetle (Novwvius cardinalis), which is an 
enemy of the cottony cushion scale (/cerya_purchasi). This was 
introduced from Australia in 1890 (probably via California) by 
Mr. Albert Koebele, who was engaged at that time in intro- 
ducing beneficial insects into California to attack their orchard 
pests. 
Since that time, there have been many species of beneficial 
insects successfully introduced into Hawaii, from various parts 
of the world, and by several institutions here. Mr. Koebele was 
engaged for this work in 1893. Between that time and 1904 
many valuable lady beetles were introduced, also parasites of 
scale insects. In 1904 the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian 
Sugar Planters’ Association began introducing parasites for the 
sugar-cane leafhopper, and has continued the work of intro- 
ducing beneficial insects for one insect pest or another ever 
since. The Territorial Board of Agriculture and Forestry has 
also been active in this line of work; the United States Experi- 
ment Station and the Honolulu office of the United States 
Bureau of Entomology have also had a share in this important 
work. 
The records of these introductions are very scattered, and in 
some cases very obscure, possibly entirely lacking in many cases. 
Herewith an attempt is made to put together for convenient 
reference the records of all successful introductions, so far as 
they could be found. They are grouped according to the various 
purposes for which they were introduced. The date of introduc- 
tion is given, so far as known, the country from which intro- 
duced, and the particular pest on which it preys. 
Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., V, No. 2, September, 1923. 
